航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (17): 331797-331797   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31797

无人机卫星导航系统抗干扰技术综述

陈秋实1, 高精隆1(), 王萌1, 边文昆2, 韩昊峻1   

  1. 1.空军工程大学 信息与导航学院,西安 710077
    2.空军预警学院 雷达士官学校,武汉 430345
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-13 修回日期:2025-02-12 接受日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-04-01 发布日期:2025-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 高精隆 E-mail:gao_jinglong@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    陕西省自然科学基金(2025JC-YB-QN-899)

Overview of anti-interference technology of unmanned aerial vehicle satellite navigation system

Qiushi CHEN1, Jinglong GAO1(), Meng WANG1, Wenkun BIAN2, Haojun HAN1   

  1. 1.School of Information and Navigation,Air Force Engineering University,Xi’an 710077,China
    2.Radar Non-Commissioned Officer School,Air Force Early Warning Academy,Wuhan 430345,China
  • Received:2025-01-13 Revised:2025-02-12 Accepted:2025-03-18 Online:2025-04-01 Published:2025-03-31
  • Contact: Jinglong GAO E-mail:gao_jinglong@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2025JC-YB-QN-899)

摘要:

无人机技术的迅猛发展促使其在军事、民用等领域应用不断拓展,逐渐成为推动低空经济发展的强劲引擎。其中,卫星导航系统是为无人机提供精准定位与导航信息的核心器件,然而,由于卫星导航系统的脆弱性,常面临复杂电磁环境带来的严峻挑战,致使无人机失去定位能力或偏离预定航线,严重威胁飞行安全和任务成功率。为此,系统地梳理了无人机卫星导航系统抗干扰技术的研究现状。首先,从无人机面临的主要导航干扰入手,深入剖析了压制干扰和欺骗干扰对无人机导航系统的影响。其次,详细归纳总结了无人机卫星导航终端的抗干扰方法。针对抗压制干扰,重点探讨了接收天线端、射频前端和信号处理端的技术进展,在抗欺骗干扰方面,分析了增强接收处理能力和采用先进算法检测抑制欺骗干扰的方法。此外,还研究了拒止环境下无人机导航抗干扰方法,包括惯性导航、视觉导航、天文导航、超宽带定位导航、磁场导航、雷达导航以及多信息融合导航技术等。并且针对多无人机集群编队导航,探讨了机间协同抗干扰和系统改进抗干扰的方法,以提升整个无人机群体的抗干扰能力。同时,进一步指出目前面临的问题,展望未来研究趋势及技术发展方向。

关键词: 无人机, 卫星导航, 抗干扰技术, 压制干扰, 欺骗干扰, 拒止环境, 多传感器融合

Abstract:

The rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology has led to its continuous expansion in military and civilian fields, gradually becoming a powerful engine driving the development of low-altitude economy. Among the core components of UAVs, the satellite navigation system provides precise positioning and navigation information. However, due to the vulnerability of the satellite navigation system, satellite navigation often faces severe challenges brought by complex electromagnetic environments, causing UAVs to lose their positioning ability or deviate from the planned route, thereby seriously threatening flight safety and mission success rate. This paper systematically reviews the research status of anti-jamming technology for UAV satellite navigation systems. Firstly, starting from the main navigation interferences faced by UAVs, it analyzes the impact of oppressive interference and deception interference on UAV navigation systems. Secondly, it comprehensively summarizes the anti-jamming methods of UAV satellite navigation terminals. Regarding anti-oppressive interference, this paper focuses on discussing the technological progress at the receiving antenna end, radio frequency front end, and signal processing end. In terms of anti-deception interference, the methods of enhancing receiving processing capabilities and using advanced algorithms to detect and suppress deception interference are analyzed. In addition, the study studies the anti-jamming methods for UAV navigation in denied environments, including inertial navigation, visual navigation, celestial navigation, ultra-wideband, magnetic field navigation, radar navigation, and multi-information fusion navigation technologies. Moreover, for the formation navigation of multi-UAV clusters, the methods of inter-UAV cooperative and system improvement were explored to enhance the anti-interference capability of the entire UAV group. Finally, this paper identifies the current problems, outlines future research directions, and discusses potential technological advances. The research results of this paper not only provide a reference for the continuous progress of UAV navigation anti-jamming technology, but also offer theoretical and practical guidance for academic exploration and engineering application in related fields.

Key words: UAV, satellite navigation, anti-interference technology, oppressive interference, deception interference, environment denial, multi-sensor fusion

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