航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (16): 131693-131693   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31693

微孔注氦型固-气混合火箭发动机比冲增益机制

李程珂1, 王革1, 杨泽南1(), 李祎2   

  1. 1.哈尔滨工程大学 航天与建筑工程学院,哈尔滨 150001
    2.内蒙合成化工研究所,呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-09 修回日期:2025-01-08 接受日期:2025-01-27 出版日期:2025-02-13 发布日期:2025-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 杨泽南 E-mail:yangzenan@hrbeu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(3072024XX0206);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2024E069)

Specific impulse gain mechanism of micro-holes helium injected solid-gas hybrid rocket motor

Chengke LI1, Ge WANG1, Zenan YANG1(), Yi LI2   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China
    2.Inner Mongolia Synthetic Chemistry Institute,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2024-12-09 Revised:2025-01-08 Accepted:2025-01-27 Online:2025-02-13 Published:2025-02-10
  • Contact: Zenan YANG E-mail:yangzenan@hrbeu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3072024XX0206);Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2024E069)

摘要:

受固体推进剂能量水平限制,固体火箭发动机的比冲相对较低,而注氦型固-气混合火箭发动机能通过向固体发动机内注入分子量低、膨胀能力强的氦气可有效提高发动机比冲。为进一步提高注氦型固-气混合火箭发动机性能,对采用微孔阵列注氦的固-气混合火箭发动机进行数值模拟,对比分析了微孔尺度对发动机性能的影响。数值模拟结果表明,发动机比冲随着氦气注入比例(氦气注入流量与燃气流量的比值)的变化呈抛物线趋势,在氦气注入比例为1∶4时达到峰值。较小的微孔尺度下,发动机可以获得更高的比冲增益,比冲增益最高可达5.77%。氦气质量分数低的混合气体对发动机比冲提供正增益,而氦气质量分数高的混合气体由于总温较低、膨胀能力弱而导致比冲负增益,因此发动机比冲取决于高、低氦气质量分数混合气体的共同作用。发动机推力随氦气注入比例增加而不断增加,通过改变氦气注入比例从0到2∶1,微孔直径2 mm的发动机可实现100%~313%的最大推力调节范围。氦气的注入大幅减低了燃气的出口温度,喷管出口均温最高降低了1 600 K。因此,注氦型固-气混合发动机能有效降低发动机尾喷口的羽流温度,抑制羽流红外辐射特征,获得较好的红外隐身效果。

关键词: 固-气混合火箭发动机, 氦气, 比冲增益, 推力调节, 红外隐身

Abstract:

Limited by the energy level of solid propellant, the specific impulse of solid rocket motor is relatively low. The helium-injected solid-gas hybrid rocket motor can effectively improve the specific impulse of solid rocket motor by injecting helium with low molecular weight and strong expansion capacity into the rocket motor. To improve the performance of the helium-injected solid-gas hybrid rocket motor, the effect of micro-hole arrays on the performance of the helium-injected solid-gas hybrid rocket motor is investigated. Results show that the specific impulse of the motor presents a parabolic trend with the variation of helium injection ratio (mass flow ratio of helium to combustion gas), and the peak value is reached when the helium injection ratio is 1∶4. The motor can obtain a maximum specific impulse gain of 5.77% with the micro-hole diameter of 2 mm. The mixed gas with low helium mass fraction provides positive gain to the specific impulse of the motor, while the mixed gas with high helium mass fraction causes negative gain due to the low total temperature and weak expansion capacity. Therefore, the specific impulse of the motor depends on the combination of the mixed gas with high and low helium mass fraction. Furthermore, motor thrust increases with the increase of helium injection ratio. By changing the helium injection ratio from 0 to 2∶1, a motor can achieve a maximum thrust regulation range of 100%–313%. The injection of helium greatly reduces the nozzle outlet temperature by up to 1 600 K. Therefore, the helium-injected solid-gas hybrid motor can effectively reduce the plume temperature of the rocket motor, suppress the infrared radiation characteristics, and achieve a better infrared stealth effect.

Key words: solid-gas hybrid rocket motor, Helium, specific impulse gain, thrust regulation, infrared stealth

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