航空学报 > 2024, Vol. 45 Issue (5): 529664-529664   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.29664

典型民用飞机全机坠撞实验研究

刘小川1,2,3(), 惠旭龙1,2,3,4, 张欣玥1,2,3, 白春玉1,2,3, 闫亚斌5, 李肖成1,2,3, 牟让科1,2,3   

  1. 1.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065
    2.中国飞机强度研究所 结构冲击动力学航空科技重点实验室,西安 710065
    3.陕西省飞行器振动冲击与噪声重点实验室,西安 710065
    4.西北工业大学 航空学院,西安 710072
    5.中航西飞民用飞机有限责任公司,西安 710089
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-10-08 接受日期:2023-10-24 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2023-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 刘小川 E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家专项科研项目(2017-XX-15)

Full⁃scale crash experimental study of typical civil aircraft

Xiaochuan LIU1,2,3(), Xulong XI1,2,3,4, Xinyue ZHANG1,2,3, Chunyu BAI1,2,3, Yabin YAN5, Xiaocheng LI1,2,3, Rangke MU1,2,3   

  1. 1.National key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Xi’an 710065,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Aviation Science and Technology on Structures Impact Dynamics,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Aircraft Vibration,Impact and Noise,Xi’an 710065,China
    4.School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    5.AVIC XAC Commercial Aircraft Co. ,Ltd. ,Xi’an 710089,China
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-10-08 Accepted:2023-10-24 Online:2024-03-15 Published:2023-11-09
  • Contact: Xiaochuan LIU E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Specialized Research Project(2017-XX-15)

摘要:

民机全机坠撞实验是评价民用飞机适坠性的最直接手段,也是民机适坠性领域的世界性技术难题。提出全机坠撞实验高精度提升控制与高可靠投放方法,给出了结构响应、假人响应等关键物理量的测试方法,引入了分布式多目相机全场大变形连续测试方法。构建了全机坠撞动响应测试系统,使用统一时间基准触发,对坠撞后地面撞击载荷、结构加速度响应、假人响应以及飞机破坏变形进行了分析,获得了机体不同部位的响应分布规律;提出了修正的适坠性综合评估指数ICI。结果表明:全机坠撞实验测试数据完整可信,实验飞机在5.71 m/s垂直坠撞后,客舱地板下部结构变形严重,机翼的惯性效应导致中央翼区域机身上部结构产生明显变形;不同机身段的刚度差异造成该部位坠撞载荷和动响应的显著差异,刚度越大变形越小加速度响应越大;坠撞后乘员受载在安全范围内,客舱座椅结构完好,舱门可正常打开,乘员生存空间足够,乘员撤离通道畅通。实验飞机在给定状态下具有较好的适坠性,相比原始ICI指数,修正后的评估结果具有更好的工程适用性。

关键词: 冲击动力学, 民用飞机, 全机坠撞, 全场测量, 结构吸能, 坠撞载荷, 适坠性评估

Abstract:

The crash test of civil aircraft is a worldwide technical problem, and it is the most direct means to evaluate the crashworthiness of civil aircraft. In this paper, the high precision lifting height control and high reliability delivery method of the full-scale aircraft crash test are proposed, and the testing methods of the key physical parameters such as structural response and dummy response are given. A dynamic response test system for the whole aircraft crash test was constructed, and using a unified time reference trigger method, the ground impact load, structural acceleration response, dummy response, and aircraft failure and deformation were analyzed. The response distribution rules of different parts of the aircraft were obtained. The revised comprehensive evaluation index ICI of the adaptability was put forward. The results show that the test data are complete and reliable. After the vertical crash at 5.71 m/s, the lower structure of the cabin floor is seriously deformed, and the upper structure of the fuselage in the central wing area is obviously deformed due to the inertia effect of the wing. The stiffness difference of the different fuselage segments results in significant differences in crash load and dynamic response. The higher the stiffness is, the smaller the deformation and the greater the acceleration response will be. After the crash, the load on the passengers was within safe range, the cabin seats are intact, the cabin doors can be opened normally., the living space of the passengers is sufficient, and the evacuation channel of the passengers is unblocked. Compared with the original ICI index, the revised evaluation result has better engineering applicability.

Key words: impact dynamics, civil aircraft, full-aircraft crash, full field measurement, structural energy absorption, crash load, evaluation of crashworthiness

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