刘小川1,2,3(), 惠旭龙1,2,3,4, 张欣玥1,2,3, 白春玉1,2,3, 闫亚斌5, 李肖成1,2,3, 牟让科1,2,3
收稿日期:
2023-08-15
修回日期:
2023-10-08
接受日期:
2023-10-24
出版日期:
2024-03-15
发布日期:
2023-11-09
通讯作者:
刘小川
E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
基金资助:
Xiaochuan LIU1,2,3(), Xulong XI1,2,3,4, Xinyue ZHANG1,2,3, Chunyu BAI1,2,3, Yabin YAN5, Xiaocheng LI1,2,3, Rangke MU1,2,3
Received:
2023-08-15
Revised:
2023-10-08
Accepted:
2023-10-24
Online:
2024-03-15
Published:
2023-11-09
Contact:
Xiaochuan LIU
E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
Supported by:
摘要:
民机全机坠撞实验是评价民用飞机适坠性的最直接手段,也是民机适坠性领域的世界性技术难题。提出全机坠撞实验高精度提升控制与高可靠投放方法,给出了结构响应、假人响应等关键物理量的测试方法,引入了分布式多目相机全场大变形连续测试方法。构建了全机坠撞动响应测试系统,使用统一时间基准触发,对坠撞后地面撞击载荷、结构加速度响应、假人响应以及飞机破坏变形进行了分析,获得了机体不同部位的响应分布规律;提出了修正的适坠性综合评估指数ICI。结果表明:全机坠撞实验测试数据完整可信,实验飞机在5.71 m/s垂直坠撞后,客舱地板下部结构变形严重,机翼的惯性效应导致中央翼区域机身上部结构产生明显变形;不同机身段的刚度差异造成该部位坠撞载荷和动响应的显著差异,刚度越大变形越小加速度响应越大;坠撞后乘员受载在安全范围内,客舱座椅结构完好,舱门可正常打开,乘员生存空间足够,乘员撤离通道畅通。实验飞机在给定状态下具有较好的适坠性,相比原始ICI指数,修正后的评估结果具有更好的工程适用性。
中图分类号:
刘小川, 惠旭龙, 张欣玥, 白春玉, 闫亚斌, 李肖成, 牟让科. 典型民用飞机全机坠撞实验研究[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(5): 529664-529664.
Xiaochuan LIU, Xulong XI, Xinyue ZHANG, Chunyu BAI, Yabin YAN, Xiaocheng LI, Rangke MU. Full⁃scale crash experimental study of typical civil aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(5): 529664-529664.
1 | 刘小川. 民用飞机坠撞事故研究及启示[M]. 第一版. 北京: 航空工业出版社, 2022: 1-3. |
LIU X C. Research and enlightenment on civil aircraft crash accident[M]. 1st ed. Beijing: Aviation Industry Press, 2022: 1-3 (in Chinese). | |
2 | LIU X C, GUO J, BAI C Y, et al. Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section[J]. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2015, 28 (2): 447-456. |
3 | LOGUE T V, MCGUIRE R J, REINHARDT J W, et al. Vertical drop test of a narrow-body fuselage section with overhead stowage bins and auxiliary fuel tank system on board: DOT/FAA/CT-94/116 [R]. 1995. |
4 | LE P F, CARCIENTA R. A320 fuselage section vertical drop test, Part 2: test result: S955776/2[R]. 1995. |
5 | KUMAKURA I, MINEGISHI M, IWASAKI K, et al. Summary of vertical drop tests of YS-11 transport fuselage sections[C]∥ World Aviation Congress, 2004. |
6 | ABRAMOWITZ A, VU T, SMITH T. Vertical drop test of a narrow-body transport fuselage section with a conformable auxiliary fuel tank onboard[R]. 2000. |
7 | FASANELLA E L, JACKSON K E. Crash simulation of a vertical drop test of a B737 fuselage section with auxiliary fuel tank: 23681-0001[R]. 2002. |
8 | JACKSON K E, FASANELLA E L. Crash simulation of vertical drop tests of two Boeing 737 fuselage sections[R]. 2002. |
9 | GYIDA M, MARULO F, ABRATE S. Advances in crash dynamics for aircraft safety[J]. Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 2018, 98:106-123. |
10 | RASSAIAN M. Virtual test and simulation[C]∥ AIAA Complex Aerospace Systems Exchange. 2013: 1-25. |
11 | HACHENBERG D, LAVINGE V, MAHE M. Crashworthiness of fuselage hybrid structure[C]∥ 8th Triennial International Aircraft Fire and Cabin Safety Research Conference. 2016: 1-16. |
12 | LIU X C, XI X L, BAI C Y, et al. Dynamic response and failure mechanism of Ti-6AL-4V hi-lock bolts under combined tensile-shear loading[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2019, 131: 140-151. |
13 | 葛宇静, 白春玉, 惠旭龙, 等. 材料中应变率力学性能测试数据处理与表征方法[J]. 测控技术, 2022(5):41. |
GE Y J, BAI C Y, XI X L, et al. Test data processing and characterization methods for material mechanical properties under intermediate strain rates[J]. Measurement & Control Technology, 2022(5):41 (in Chinese). | |
14 | REN T, WANG C, HOU B, et al. Analytical models for characterizing coupling effects of loading state and loading rate on ultimate strength and yield strength of riveted joints[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 2023, 279: 112387. |
15 | RAYHAN S B, PU X. Crashworthiness study of a newly developed civil aircraft fuselage section with auxiliary fuel tank reinforced with composite foam[J]. Aerospace, 2023, 10(3): 314. |
16 | RAYHAN S B, PU X. A case study on the effect of uncertain impacts of a civil aircraft fuselage section with auxiliary fuel tank[C]∥ ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. 2021, 85581: V004T04A012. |
17 | 冯振宇, 程坤, 赵一帆, 等. 运输类飞机典型货舱地板下部结构冲击吸能特性[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(9): 222907. |
FENG Z Y, CHENG K, ZHAO Y F, et al. Energy-absorbing characteristics of typical sub-cargo fuselage section of a transport category aircraft[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2019, 40(9): 222907 (in Chinese). | |
18 | 张欣玥, 惠旭龙, 葛宇静, 等. 中低速压缩加载下不同截面构型复合材料薄壁结构吸能特性及失效分析[J]. 爆炸与冲击, 2022, 42(6): 36-49. |
ZHANG X Y, XI X L, GE Y J, et al. Energy absorption characteristics and failure analysis of composite thinwalled structures with different cross-sectional configurations under medium- and low-speed compression loading[J]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2022,42(6):36-49 (in Chinese). | |
19 | 葛宇静, 白春玉, 舒挽, 等. 一种复合材料结构的坠撞吸能特性分析[J]. 飞行器强度研究, 2021(1): 50-55. |
GE Y J, BAI C Y, SHU W, et al. Analysis on the crash energy absorption characteristics of a composite structure[J]. Structure and Strength Research, 2021(1): 50-55 (in Chinese). | |
20 | 白佳瑶, 黄金红, 侯兵, 等. 不同压溃速度下复合材料圆管吸能特性试验及数值模拟研究[J]. 航空科学技术,2021,32(12):66-73. |
BAI J Y, HUANG J H, HOU B,et al. On the energy absorption properties of composite circular tubes at different impact velocities[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2021, 32(12): 66-73 (in Chinese). | |
21 | 冯振宇, 刘旭, 林岚辉, 等. 安全带对航空座椅及乘员冲击响应的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(1): 224808. |
FENG Z Y, LIU X, LIN L H, et al. Impact of seatbelts on impact characteristics of aviation seats and occupants[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(01): 224808 (in Chinese). | |
22 | 解江, 马士成, 贺永龙, 等. 水平冲击下头排乘员损伤及保护姿势研究[J]. 航空学报, 2020, 41(5): 223489. |
XIE J, MA S C, HE Y L, et al Research on injury and brace position for front-row occupant under horizontal impact [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2020, 41(5): 223489 (in Chinese). | |
23 | 杨欢, 刘小川, 白春玉, 等. 典型航空座椅/乘员系统水平冲击特性实验[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(6): 526238. |
YANG H, LIU X C, BAI C Y, et al. Experment on longitudinal dynamic characteristics of typical aircraft seat/occupant system[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(6): 526238 (in Chinese). | |
24 | 杨欢, 牟让科, 王亚锋, 等. 基于刚性座椅的航空可替代座椅垫动态冲击试验方法研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2017, 17(19): 290-294. |
YANG H, MU R K, WANG Y F, et al. Research on dynamic impact test methodology of the aircraft replaceable seat cushion based on rigid seat[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2017, 17(19): 290-294 (in Chinese). | |
25 | TANG H, ZHU S H, LIU X C, et al. Impact of crash environments on crashworthiness of fuselage section [J]. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2022, 39(S1): 1-8. |
26 | 张欣玥, 惠旭龙, 刘小川, 等. 典型金属民机机身结构坠撞特性试验[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(6): 526234. |
ZHANG X Y, XI X L, LIU X C, et al. Experimental study on crash characteristics of typical metal civil aircraft fuselage structure[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2022, 43(6): 526234 (in Chinese). | |
27 | 刘小川, 张欣玥, 惠旭龙, 等. 结构修理对民机机身耐撞性的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(10): 227517. |
LIU X C, ZHANG X Y, XI X L, et al. Study on the influence of structural repair on the crashworthiness of civil aircraft fuselage [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(10): 227517 (in Chinese). | |
28 | RAYHAN S B, PU X, XI X L. Modeling of fuel in aircraft crashworthiness study with auxiliary fuel tank[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2023, 173: 104449. |
29 | 刘小川, 白春玉, 惠旭龙, 等. 民机机身结构耐撞性研究的进展与挑战[J]. 固体力学学报, 2020, 41(4): 293-323. |
LIU X C, BAI C Y, XI X L, et al Progress and Challenge of Research on Crashworthiness of civil Airplane Fuselage Structures[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2020, 41(4): 293-323 (in Chinese). | |
30 | 刘小川, 王彬文, 白春玉, 等. 航空结构冲击动力学技术的发展与展望[J]. 航空科学技术, 2020, 31(3): 1-14. |
LIU X C, WANG B W, BAI C Y, et al. Progress and prospect of aviation structure impact dynamics[J]. Aeronautical Science & Technology, 2020, 31(3): 1-14 (in Chinese). | |
31 | 牟浩蕾, 解江, 冯振宇. 民机机身结构适坠性研究[J].交通运输工程学报, 2020, 20(3): 17-39. |
MU H L, XIE J, FENG Z Y. Research on crashworthiness of civil aircraft fuselage structures[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2020, 20(3): 17-39 (in Chinese). | |
32 | REED W H, ROBERTSON S H, WEINBERG L W T, et al. Full-scale dynamic crash test of a Lockheed Constellation model 1649 aircraft: FAA-ADS-38 [R]. 1965. |
33 | REED W H, ROBERTSON S H, WEINBERG L W T, et al. Full-scale dynamic crash test of a Douglas DC-7 aircraft: FAA-ADS-37[R]. 1965. |
34 | ABRAMOWUTZ A, INGRAHAM P A, MCGUIRE R. Vertical drop test of a shorts 3-30 airplane[M]. 1999. |
35 | JACKSON K E, FASANELLA E L. Development of an LS-DYNA Model of an ATR42-300 Aircraft for Crash Simulation[C]∥ ICRASH-International Crashworthiness Conference. 2004:1-15. |
36 | Channel Discovery. Curiosity: the plane crash 2012. [EB/OL]. . |
37 | Littell J D. A summary of airframe results from a Fokker F28 full-scale crash test[R]. 2020. |
38 | 潘兵, 吴大方, 夏勇. 数字图像相关方法中散斑图的质量评价研究[J]. 实验力学, 2010, 25(2): 120-129. |
PAN B, WU D F, WU Y. Study of speckle pattern quality assessment used in digital image correlation[J]. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2010, 25(2): 120-129 (in Chinese). | |
39 | 徐向阳, 陈振宁, 黄正, 等. 大型混凝土全场变形测量中数字散斑场的制作和应用[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 48(5): 896-902. |
XU X Y, CHEN Z N, HUANG Z, et al. Fabrication and application of digital speckle pattern in full-field measurement of deformed large concrete beams[J]. Journal of Southeast University (National Science Edition), 2018, 48(5): 896-902 (in Chinese). | |
40 | LIU Y, GE Z, YUAN Y, et al. Wing deformation measurement using the stereo-vision methods in the presence of camera movements[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2021, 119: 107161. |
41 | 于起峰, 尚洋. 摄像测量学原理与应用研究[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009: 22-31. |
YU Q F, SHANG Y. Videometrics: Principles and researches[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009: 22-31 (in Chinese). | |
42 | 中国民用航空局. 中国民用航空规章: 第25部-运输类飞机适航标准: CCAR-25 [S]. 北京: 中国民用航空局, 2011: 68-69. |
Civil Aviation Administration of China. China civil aviation regulation: 25-airworthiness standard of transport aircraft: CCAR-25-R4 [S]. Beijing: Civil Aviation Administration of China, 2011: 68-69 (in Chinese). | |
43 | 刘小川, 郭军, 孙侠生, 等. 民机机身段和舱内设施坠撞试验及结构适坠性评估[J]. 航空学报, 2013; 34(9): 2130-2140. |
LIU X C, GUO J, SUN X S, et al. Drop test and structure crashworthiness evaluation of civil airplane fuselage section with cabin interiors[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautics Sinica, 2013, 34(9): 2130-2140 (in Chinese). |
[1] | 司瑞, 陈勇. 民用飞机增材制造技术应用发展趋势[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(5): 529677-529677. |
[2] | 牟浩蕾, 谢威威, 解江, 冯振宇, 林岚辉. 坠撞环境下乘员伤害分析及飞机适坠性评估[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(3): 228786-228786. |
[3] | 李勐, 陈星伊, 陈吉昌, 吴彬, 童明波. 波浪情况下民机水上迫降性能数值分析[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(2): 28-43. |
[4] | 毕文豪, 范秋岑, 李德林, 张安. 基于多视角的民机正向设计建模方法[J]. 航空学报, 2023, 44(10): 227536-227536. |
[5] | 杨志刚, 张炯, 李博, 曾锐, 毛研勋. 民用飞机智能飞行技术综述[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(4): 525198-525198. |
[6] | 孙霄剑, 罗明强, 张驰, 关若曦, 刘虎. 民用飞机预研论证权威真相源构建技术[J]. 航空学报, 2021, 42(2): 224222-224222. |
[7] | 张明辉, 陈真利, 顾文婷, 李栋, 张帅, 袁昌盛, 王龙, 张彬乾. 翼身融合布局民机高低速协调设计[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(9): 623052-623052. |
[8] | 何志全, 刘杨, 李泽江. 大型民用飞机缝翼全尺寸静力试验载荷设计[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(2): 522197-522197. |
[9] | 刘毓迪, 孙学德, 张存, 南国鹏. 民用飞机个人通风送风温度对人体舒适性的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(2): 522363-522363. |
[10] | 陈名乾. 民用飞机商载航程图解析方程的建立及应用[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(2): 522407-522407. |
[11] | 许健, 吴磊, 褚江萍, 何珂. 民用飞机信息重构技术性能分析[J]. 航空学报, 2019, 40(2): 522442-522442. |
[12] | 刘玮, 滕青, 刘冰. 基于地板结构的机身双层双向加载技术[J]. 航空学报, 2018, 39(5): 221712-221712. |
[13] | 陈俊平, 王立新. 低能量状态对飞行安全的危害及改出方法[J]. 航空学报, 2017, 38(8): 121077-121077. |
[14] | 郭媛媛, 孙有朝, 李龙彪. 基于蒙特卡罗方法的民用飞机故障风险评估方法[J]. 航空学报, 2017, 38(10): 221126-221126. |
[15] | 薛建锋, 沈培辉, 王晓鸣. 钻地弹斜侵彻混凝土靶的工程计算模型[J]. 航空学报, 2016, 37(6): 1899-1911. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
版权所有 © 航空学报编辑部
版权所有 © 2011航空学报杂志社
主管单位:中国科学技术协会 主办单位:中国航空学会 北京航空航天大学