收稿日期:
2023-06-13
修回日期:
2023-07-17
接受日期:
2023-08-11
出版日期:
2024-05-25
发布日期:
2023-09-01
通讯作者:
李璋
E-mail:zhangli_nudt@163.com
基金资助:
Yibin YE, Xichao TENG, Qifeng YU, Zhang LI()
Received:
2023-06-13
Revised:
2023-07-17
Accepted:
2023-08-11
Online:
2024-05-25
Published:
2023-09-01
Contact:
Zhang LI
E-mail:zhangli_nudt@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
基于可见光和SAR成像的异源图像匹配是实现复杂场景下飞行器视觉导航的关键。由于成像机理的差异,可见光-SAR图像匹配需要面对成像几何特性差异、非线性辐射失真以及噪声干扰等挑战。近年来,基于深度学习的图像匹配方法表现出比传统方法更优的场景适应性,但现有深度学习方法仍未完全解决上述几个挑战,还无法完全满足视觉导航中的高精度匹配需求。基于经典的MatchNet匹配框架,针对其单个模板匹配精度不足的问题,提出一种多点匹配约束的匹配方法(MMC-MatchNet)。方法主要分为2步:第1步生成子模板并利用MatchNet进行匹配,第2步基于多点几何约束剔除误匹配子模板并优化匹配结果。该方法在保持MatchNet输入尺寸不变的同时提升了网络对多尺寸可见光-SAR图像的匹配精度。此外,还提出了一种多级数据集构建方法来训练MatchNet。与随机采样构建负样本的方式相比,所提方法更关注于匹配任务中的困难样本,是一种适用于图像匹配的数据增强手段。对MMC-MatchNet在2种可见光-SAR图像匹配数据上进行了测试,取得了比NCC、NMI、HOPC以及单模板MatchNet方法更好的匹配结果,在与HOPC匹配精度相似的前提下,MMC-MatchNet可大幅提高匹配正确率(CMR)。同时,多点匹配约束和多级数据构建方法还适用于其他基于Patch的图像匹配模型。
中图分类号:
叶熠彬, 滕锡超, 于起峰, 李璋. 基于MatchNet和多点匹配约束的可见光-SAR图像匹配[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(10): 329162-329162.
Yibin YE, Xichao TENG, Qifeng YU, Zhang LI. Optical⁃SAR image matching based on MatchNet and multi⁃point matching constraint[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(10): 329162-329162.
表 3
自建测试数据集描述
编号 | 场景 | 地理坐标 | SAR图像 | 可见光图像 |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 城市 | 18°24'34″N 109°30'26″E | 来源:TerraSAR 时间:2014/11/23 地面分辨率:5 m 尺寸:200×200 | 来源:Google Earth 时间:2014/12/31 地面分辨率:5 m 尺寸:200×200 |
2 | 河流 | 18°15'87″N 109°30'40″E | ||
3 | 山地 | 18°39'43″N 109°26'49″E | ||
4 | 港口 | 18°12'40″N 109°29'51″E | ||
5 | 岛屿 | 18°18'55″N 109°25'31″E | ||
6 | 机场 | 18°18'18″N 109°24'36″E | ||
7 | 平原 | 18°25'21″N 109°26'30″E | ||
8 | 戈壁1 | 18°24'34″N 109°30'26″E | 来源:GF3 时间:2020/12/03 地面分辨率:5 m 尺寸:200×200 | 来源:Google Earth 时间:2018/12/31 地面分辨率:5 m 尺寸:200×200 |
9 | 戈壁2 | 18°15'87″N 109°30'40″E |
表 8
多点匹配约束和RANSAC的区别
方法 | RANSAC | 多点匹配约束方法 | |
---|---|---|---|
联系 | 算法目的 | 均是从已有的候选点对中剔除误匹配对,进而计算待匹配图像间的转换模型 | |
误差计算 | 当采用相同的转换模型时,2种方法的匹配误差计算公式相似 | ||
区别 | 应用背景 | 剔除特征匹配的误匹配对 | 剔除基于Patch的小模板匹配的误匹配对 |
匹配候选点对 | 通过特征点提取和匹配得到候选点对,候选点数量及分布随机 | 通过分块匹配的方式得到候选点对,候选点数量及分布固定 | |
变换模型 | 单应性矩阵,仿射变换矩阵以及RST等 | 平移向量 | |
匹配内点生成方式 | 随机抽取m个点作为初始内点,基于变换模型迭代更新内点个数 | 内点数n固定,选择平移误差最小组合为内点 | |
参数设置 | 初始内点个数,误差阈值,最大迭代次数等 | 分块数量K和内点个数n |
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