水导激光加工CFRP深槽微观形貌特性

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2021.25144

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水导激光加工CFRP深槽微观形貌特性

张旖诺^1,2,3, 乔红超^1,2, 曹治赫^1,2, 梁金盛^1,2,3, 赵吉宾^1,2

1. 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所机器人学国家重点实验室, 沈阳 110016;
2. 中国科学院机器人与智能制造创新研究院, 沈阳 110169;
3. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-12-22 修回日期:2021-02-10 发布日期:2021-05-20
通讯作者: 赵吉宾 E-mail:jbzhao@sia.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51875558）

Microstructure characteristics of CFRP deep groove processed by water jet-guided laser processing technology

ZHANG Yinuo^1,2,3, QIAO Hongchao^1,2, CAO Zhihe^1,2, LIANG Jinsheng^1,2,3, ZHAO Jibin^1,2

1. State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
2. Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110169, China;
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-12-22 Revised:2021-02-10 Published:2021-05-20
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51875558)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳纤维增强塑料（CFRP）中树脂基体和纤维增强相两种异质材料的性能存在巨大差异，使得其在航空航天领域的广泛应用受到现有加工能力的制约。因此，具有热损伤小、加工深度能力强等优势的水导激光加工技术在特种加工领域展现出优越的加工能力。基于有限元法中的单元生死技术，建立了水导激光加工非均质纤维树脂基体的三维瞬态温度场模型。在该模型下，利用双向循环扫描的加工方式对切面的微观形貌进行仿真与实验研究。研究表明：水导激光加工时水射流对材料的强对流换热效果显著，使材料的去除率和排屑率保持在一个较高的水平。在深槽加工时，铺层为90°的表层碳纤维会出现断裂现象，这成为断面损伤的主要来源。通过对切面不同侧边、不同深度的表面形貌进行分析，认为水射流高效的排屑率是实现水导激光高精度加工的关键因素。因此，改变扫描深宽比能有效减少深槽处的纤维损伤，切面可以获得较小的粗糙度和锥度。当扫描深宽比减少一倍时，损伤区域缩小46%。

关键词: 水导激光加工技术, 碳纤维增强塑料(CFRP), 深槽, 微观形貌, 深宽比

Abstract: Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) composites have a huge difference in the properties of resin matrix and fiber reinforced phase, and its application in the aerospace field is restricted by the existing processing technologies. Therefore, the water jet-guided laser technology which has the advantages of small thermal damage and strong processing depth shows superior capabilities in the field of special processing. Based on the "element birth and death" technique in the finite element method, this paper establishes the three-dimensional model for transient temperature field of heterogeneous fiber matrix. Using this model, the micro-topography of the cross-section was simulated and experimentally studied by bidirectional cyclic scanning. Research shows that the strong convective heat transfer effect of the water jet on the material during water jet-guided laser processing is significant, which allows the material removal rate and chip removal rate remain at a high level. During deep groove processing, rupture occurred on the surface layer of carbon fiber with 90°, which becomes the main source of section damage. Analysis of the surface morphology of different surfaces and depths of the cross-section shows that the efficient chip removal rate of the water jet is the key factor for high-precision processing. As a result, changing the scanning depth-width ratio can effectively reduce the fiber damage in the deep groove, and can obtain smaller roughness and taper in the cross-section. When the scanning aspect ratio was reduced by half, the damaged area was reduced by 46%.

Key words: water jet-guided laser, Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (CFRP), deep groove, micro-topography, depth-width ratio

中图分类号:

V261.8

张旖诺, 乔红超, 曹治赫, 梁金盛, 赵吉宾. 水导激光加工CFRP深槽微观形貌特性[J]. 航空学报, 2022, 43(4): 525144-525144.

ZHANG Yinuo, QIAO Hongchao, CAO Zhihe, LIANG Jinsheng, ZHAO Jibin. Microstructure characteristics of CFRP deep groove processed by water jet-guided laser processing technology[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(4): 525144-525144.

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水导激光加工CFRP深槽微观形貌特性

Microstructure characteristics of CFRP deep groove processed by water jet-guided laser processing technology

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