基于频域双LMS的MFC智能旋翼减振降噪

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31583

Abstract

Abstract:

In helicopter rotor active vibration and noise reduction technology， smart torsional rotors based on Macro Fiber Composite （MFC） are considered as one of the most promising methods due to their lack of any additional mechanical components. Currently， most Active Torsion Rotor （ATR） vibration and noise reduction technologies based on MFC are still in the theoretical research stage. This paper uses MFC as the actuator and proposes a simple dual Least Mean Square （LMS） frequency-domain adaptive Higher Harmonic Control （HHC） algorithm for the smart torsional rotor based on the NACA23012 airfoil. Vibration and noise active closed-loop control experiments are conducted in a 3.4 m×2.4 m open-circuit wind tunnel. Compared to traditional frequency-domain HHC algorithms， the computational effort for single harmonic control is reduced by 5.5 to 11 times. Under various conditions， such as rotor speeds from 150 r/min to 210 r/min， wind speeds from 5 m/s to 10 m/s， and rotor shaft tilt angles of 0° and 8°， the controller reduces vibration levels by 27.24% to 58.55%. At a rotor speed of 210 r/min， wind speed of 10 m/s， and rotor shaft tilt angle of 0°， the controller can reduce noise levels by about 2.5 dB to 3.2 dB.

Key words: smart torsional rotor, macro fiber composite, least mean squares method, active control, vibration and noise reduction

CLC Number:

V275.1

Qianqian ZHOU, Hongli JI, Chongcong TAO, Yipeng WU, Chao ZHANG, Jinhao QIU. Vibration damping and noise reduction of MFC intelligent rotor based on frequency-domain dual LMS method[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(15): 231583.

Figures/Tables 31

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Summary of the proposed algorithm

算法流程	乘法	加法
总计	$4 (m 2 + 3 m k + 3 k 2 + 2 m 2 k)$	$4 (m 2 + m k + 3 k 2 + 2 m 2 k)$
$T n + 1 = T n + K (Δ z n - T n Δ u n) Δ u n T$	$8 m k (1 + m)$	$8 m 2 k$
$u n + 1 = u n - μ (T T W z z n + W u u n + W Δ u Δ u n)$	$4 (m 2 + m k + 3 k 2)$	$2 (2 m 2 + 2 m k + 6 k 2 - m - k)$
$Δ u n = u n - u n - 1$	0	$2 k$
$Δ z n = z n - z n - 1$	0	$2 m$

Table 1

Table 2

Comparison of computational complexity per iteration

算法	总计算量	单目标单谐波控制（m=1、k=1）时计算量
D-K	$16 m 3 (k + 1) (k + 2) (2 k + 5) + 4 m 2 (2 k - k 2 + 1) + 4 k 2 (4 m + 4 k + 5) - 4 k - 2 m$	726
D-R	$16 m 3 (k + 1) (k 2 + 4 k + 6) + 4 m 2 (3 k - k 2 + 2) + 4 k 2 (4 m + 4 k + 5) - 4 k - 2 m$	414
所提算法	$8 (m 2 + 2 m k + 3 k 2 + 2 m 2 k)$	64

Table 2

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Table 3

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Table 4

Fig.16

Table 5

Fig.17

Fig.18

Fig.19

Fig.20

Fig.21

Fig.22

Table 6

Fig.23

Fig.24

Table 7

References 48

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工况	1/rev振动水平			2/rev振动水平
工况	未控制	施加控制	振动降低/%	未控制	施加控制	振动降低/%
1	0.073g	0.031g	66.8	0.024g	0.007g	77.9
2	0.138g	0.048g	69.4	0.042g	0.012g	75.14
3	0.101g	0.031g	69.02	0.008g	0.005g	41.9
4	0.130g	0.038g	70.67	0.026g	0.009g	66.25
5	0.094g	0.031g	66.93	0.010g	0.004g	56.61
6	0.103g	0.035g	65.63	0.016g	0.007g	52.63
7	0.063g	0.026g	58.57	0.024g	0.008g	66.52
8	0.082g	0.036g	55.31	0.030g	0.011g	64.21
8	0.058g	0.024g	58.85	0.006g	0.005g	26.54
10	0.076g	0.031g	59.02	0.016g	0.005g	72.13

工况	控制前RMS	控制后RMS	振动降低/%
1	0.071 7g	0.039 0g	45.76
2	0.120 1g	0.062 9g	47.66
3	0.080 7g	0.045 3g	43.89
4	0.106 7g	0.051 2g	51.98
5	0.078 8g	0.039 5g	49.86
6	0.082 1g	0.040 7g	58.55
7	0.065 0g	0.038 6g	40.57
8	0.081 9g	0.049 0g	40.24
9	0.050 5g	0.036 7g	27.24
10	0.066 6g	0.043 6g	34.53

传声器	噪声频率成分/BPF	控制前声压级/dB	控制后声压级/dB	噪声降低/ dB
mic1	1	74.39	73.67	0.72
	2	68.30	66.40	1.90
	3	62.87	62.82	0.05
	4	56.90	50.97	5.93
	5	58.74	48.73	10.01
	8	48.91	45.31	3.60
	9	52.60	45.15	7.45
	10	58.96	49.18	9.79
	11	60.25	54.47	5.78
	12	59.71	52.59	7.12
	13	48.82	46.55	2.27
	16	51.82	48.31	3.50
	19	54.36	49.84	4.52
	24	50.07	45.60	4.47
mic2	1	78.02	75.93	2.09
	3	70.76	67.18	3.57
	4	61.44	56.35	5.08
	5	65.77	61.38	4.39
	6	62.31	55.77	6.54
	8	55.51	51.20	4.31
	9	59.16	51.53	7.63
	10	48.88	42.69	6.19
	11	55.09	48.85	6.24
	12	55.62	46.65	8.96
	13	52.02	44.12	7.90
	15	52.92	49.49	3.43
	16	53.82	50.93	2.89
	17	51.82	49.33	2.49
	18	53.09	49.03	4.06
	19	54.41	48.60	5.82
	20	49.30	48.94	0.37
	22	51.15	44.61	6.54

传声器	控制前声压级/dB	控制后声压级/dB	噪声降低/dB
mic1	82.562 4	80.045 2	2.517 2
mic2	89.009 4	85.863 7	3.145 7

Vibration damping and noise reduction of MFC intelligent rotor based on frequency-domain dual LMS method

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Figures/Tables 31

References 48

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实验状态	旋翼转速/（r·min^-1）	风速/ （m·s^-1）	工况
悬停（旋翼轴角度0°）	150	5	1
	150	10	2
	180	5	3
	180	10	4
	210	5	5
	210	10	6
低速前飞（旋翼轴前倾角度8°）	150	5	7
	150	10	8
	180	5	8
	180	10	10

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