GNSS授时与时间同步在基础设施行业的应用

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30567

Abstract

Abstract:

Accurate and reliable timing is an important component of critical infrastructures. With the development and widespread application of satellite navigation systems， an increasing number of key infrastructures are using GNSS as the main source to access time. The US Department of Homeland Security issued that among the 16 key industries， 11 industries such as communication， mobile phones， electricity， and finance rely on precise timing and time synchronization. Based on a comprehensive study of a large number of literature， this article analyzes the current application status of GNSS timing and time synchronization in important infrastructures such as finance， power， 5G and aeronautics & astronautics. Firstly， the meanings of commonly used time and frequency parameters in various key infrastructures are summarized， and the quantitative requirements for time and time synchronization performance are sorted out based on different application scenarios and relevant standards of key infrastructures. Secondly， the application ways of GNSS timing and time synchronization in different key infrastructures are analyzed， and a typical architecture of a distributed time synchronization network based on GNSS is obtained. Then， two types of GNSS timing and time synchronization terminals widely used in various key infrastructures are introduced. Finally， the future development trends of timing and time synchronization technologies are discussed. As an important infrastructure of a country， satellite navigation systems play a crucial role in providing GNSS timing and time synchronization services to support the operation of various infrastructures. Considering the inherent fragility of satellite navigation systems and the dependence of various infrastructures on GNSS， it is bound to be an important threat to national security. Therefore， it is not only necessary to improve the safety and reliability of GNSS， but also to develop the timing and synchronization technology that does not rely on GNSS in the construction of the next generation navigation positioning and timing system.

Key words: GNSS, timing, time synchronization, aerospace TT&C, infrastructure

CLC Number:

V556.1

Longxia XU, Ya LIU, Xiaohui LI. Applications of GNSS timing and time synchronization in infrastructures[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(S1): 730567.

Figures/Tables 4

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区域	参考钟	时间准确度与分辨率要求
区域	参考钟	交易类型	准确度	分辨率
美国	UTC（NIST）	自动交易	50 ms	1 ms
美国	UTC（NIST）	手动交易	1 s	1 s
欧洲	参与UTC的任一时间尺度	手动交易	1 s	1 s
		高频交易	100 μs	1 μs
		其它类型交易	1 ms	1 ms
澳大利亚	UTC（AUS）^*	所有交易	20 ms
加拿大	UTC（NRC）^**或参与UTC的任一时间尺度	自动交易	50 ms
加拿大	UTC（NRC）^**或参与UTC的任一时间尺度	手动交易	1 ms

电力应用	相对UTC的时间同步要求
事件顺序记录器	50 μs~2 ms
数字故障记录器	50 μs~2 ms
继电器保护	优于1~2 ms
相位测量单元	2.6 μs，1 μs分辨率
行波故障检测	100 ns

基站类型	协同增强类型	时间同步偏差最低要求
BS type1-O BS type1-C BS type1-H	MIMO^***发射分集	65 ns
	带内连续载波聚合	260 ns
	带内非连续载波聚合	3 μs
	带间载波聚合	3 μs
BS type2-O	MIMO发射分集	65 ns
	带内连续载波聚合	130 ns
	带内非连续载波聚合	260 ns
	带间载波聚合	3 μs

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Applications of GNSS timing and time synchronization in infrastructures

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