考虑空化作用的超低温流体迷宫密封特性

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30652

Abstract

Abstract:

Fluid cavitation phenomenon inside the seal clearance caused by throttling pressure drop makes the performance and mechanism of cryogenic dynamic sealing very complex in the process of cryogenic fluid labyrinth sealing， but there is a lack of mathematical model to predict the dynamic sealing parameters. Therefore， it is of great significance to carry out theoretical and experimental research on cryogenic fluid labyrinth sealing. To reveal the cryogenic labyrinth sealing mechanism under cavitation effect， a straight-through labyrinth structure is taken as the research subject， A two-phase flow control equation considering heat and mass transfer between phases are established. Steady-state analytical models of two-phase flow variables inside the limited-space of labyrinth clearance are developed. A criterion of the cavitation starting position of cryogenic fluid in the labyrinth seal is proposed. An analytical calculation method for tooth-clearance pressure and leakage rate of multi-phase fluid is formed to realize the quantitative description for evolution laws of flow field inside labyrinth seal clearances. The results show that the analytical models depend on gaseous phase fraction of two-phase flow in each clearance. Cryogenic fluid is divided into the liquid-phase flow in non-cavitation tooth cavities and the two-phase flow in cavitation tooth cavities by the cavitation starting tooth clearance in the steady state. The pressure change trend of the two-phase flow is consistent with the fluid saturation pressure curve， and its pressure drop is very small. Compared with simulation and experimental data， the prediction accuracy of these two-phase flow analytical models is higher than 85% at low speed and low pressure conditions. The leakage mass-flow rate can be reduced by cavitation， and the maximum reduction is 19.43% under the conditions in this paper. The study can improve the situation with lack of prediction models for cryogenic annular dynamic sealing， and can provide theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism of cryogenic fluid labyrinth sealing， as well as for the structural design and performance research.

Key words: cryogenic fluid, labyrinth seal, analytical models, cavitation, two-phase flow, leakage prediction

CLC Number:

V434

Lingsheng HAN, Yishun CHENG, Xinbo DUAN, Lingqi ZENG, Haibo LIU, Kuo LIU, Yongqing WANG. Cryogenic fluid labyrinth sealing characteristics considering cavitation effect[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(1): 430652.

Figures/Tables 20

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References 25

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No.	入/出口压比（PR）	入口压力 /MPa	入口温度 /K	入口过冷度 /K	空化
1	3	0.3	–	∞	否
2	5	0.5	–	∞	否
3	3	0.3	84	4.15	是
4	3	0.3	82	6.15	是
5	3	0.3	79	9.15	是
6	5	0.5	89	5.18	是
7	5	0.5	84	10.18	是
8	5	0.5	79	15.18	是

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Cryogenic fluid labyrinth sealing characteristics considering cavitation effect

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