Fig.1

Diagram of numerical example

Table 1

Mechanical constants of CF⁃PPS with different PF values

Fig.2

Visualization of tensor fields

Fig.3

Iterative curve of optimization process and schematic of the optimal material distribution

Fig.4

Contour of static stress and tensor field of rectangular panels under different load conditions， as well as the corresponding relationship curve between buckling load and fiber proportion

Fig.5

Curves of Equivalent Deformation Modulus （Eed） as function of strain ratio （rε ） and fiber proportion in 1st principal direction （P1）

Fig.6

Iterative process of buckling load coefficients for numerical example， and modes and fiber orientation tensor fields for the first 4 iterations

Fig.7

Iteration curves of buckling load factor for EDM material distribution optimization algorithm with weighting factor of 0.1 to 1.0

Fig.8

Iterative curves of the first two orders of buckling load factors when α is equal to 0.3 （The convergence of optimization is hindered by overlap and exchange of modes）

Fig.9

Sigmoid function curves for different PO values

Fig.10

Iteration curves of buckling load factors for the first- and second-order modes of multi-modal EDM algorithm with differentPO values

Fig.11

Buckling load factor and number of iterations of NLPQL algorithm and EDM algorithm

Fig.12

Schematic diagram of SSSS plate subjected to uniaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.13

Schematic diagram of SSSF plate subjected to uniaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.14

Schematic diagram of SFSF plate subjected to uniaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.15

Schematic diagram of CCCC plate subjected to uniaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.16

Schematic diagram of CSCS plate subjected to uniaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.17

Schematic diagram of CFCF plate subjected to uniaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.18

Schematic diagram of SSSS plate subjected to biaxial pressure and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.19

Schematic diagram of SSSS plate subjected to shear and its first 4 orders of buckling load factors， first 3 orders of modes， optimization iteration curve and optimal material distribution

Fig.20

sFRP injection molding plate designed under the guidance of EDM algorithm （The control group is an injection molding plate with injection gate in the center）

Fig.21

Buckling load factor and modes of sFRP injection molding plates based on the EDM algorithm and that in the control group

Fig.22

cFRP laminate designed under guidance of EDM algorithm （Splice lines of adjacent layers do not overlap， T control group is a laminate with orthogonal lay-ups）

Fig.23

Buckling load factor and modes of cFRP laminates based on EDM algorithm and that in the control group

Fig.24

Stiffener reinforced plate designed under guidance of EDM algorithm （The control group are the unidirectional reinforced plate and orthogonal reinforced plate）

Fig.25

Weight， buckling load factor and modes of reinforced plates based on EDM algorithm and those in the control group

Fig.26

Geometry of load-bearing structure in the aircraft

Fig.27

Mises stress chart and displacement chart of wing and airframe under load case 1

Fig.28

First two modes and buckling load factors of Part A under load case 1

Fig.29

Optimized iterative curve and optimal material distribution of the airframe load-bearing structure （Part A）

Fig.30

Mises stress chart and displacement chart of the wing and airframe under load case 2

Fig.31

First two orders of modes and their buckling load factors of part B structure under load cases 1 and 2

Fig.32

Optimized iterative curve and optimal material distribution of the airframe load-bearing structure （Part B）