考虑链路干扰的低轨通信星座优化设计

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32196

Abstract

Abstract:

The issue of the interference from the Low Earth Orbit （LEO） communication constellation to the Geostationary Earth Orbit （GEO） satellite links has become increasingly severe. Considering the impact of link interference during the design phase of LEO constellation can help mitigate this issue， this paper proposes an optimized design method for LEO communication constellation that incorporates link interference consideration. An improved interference exclusion zone is introduced and a semi-analytical interference assessment model is established to enhance computational efficiency. First， a multi-objective optimization model for LEO constellation design is established， with the constellation orbital and configuration parameters as design variables， and the LEO constellation construction cost and interference levels on GEO satellite links as objectives. Constraints include the communication coverage， ground station tracking strategy， uninterrupted communication of constellation， and configuration limitations. Second， an improved interference exclusion zone is designed， and the interference level of the constellation is evaluated using the time proportion of LEO satellites passing through this zone. Finally， the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem.Results demonstrate that the improved interference exclusion zone can more effectively characterize harmful interference zones under different orbital altitudes and ground station distributions. The proposed time proportion metric exhibits a similarity of 0.998 with the traditional interference evaluation index while achieving a 40-fold acceleration in the computational efficiency. The optimization of the satellite phase reduces the interference level on GEO downlinks by over 5% without the additional cost， and the optimization of the constellation configuration reduces the interference level by more than 90% with a cost increase of less than one-third of the original design.

Key words: constellation design, downlink, communication interference, low Earth orbit satellites, geostationary Earth orbit satellite

CLC Number:

V412.4

Wen LUO, Jin ZHANG, Haiyang LI, Xinyi ZI, Shengxi LI. Optimization design of LEO communication constellation considering link interference[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(4): 332196.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Table 1

Distribution of LEO ground stations

序号	纬度/（ $°$ ）	经度/（ $°$ ）	序号	纬度/（ $°$ ）	经度/（ $°$ ）
1	23.010 29	101.739 13	18	34.117 00	117.391 30
2	23.010 29	106.956 52	19	39.670 36	76.666 67
3	23.010 29	112.173 91	20	39.670 36	83.333 33
4	28.563 64	86.086 96	21	39.670 36	90.000 00
5	28.563 64	91.304 35	22	39.670 36	96.666 67
6	28.563 64	96.521 74	23	39.670 36	103.333 33
7	28.563 64	101.739 13	24	39.670 36	110.000 00
8	28.563 64	106.956 52	25	39.670 36	116.666 67
9	28.563 64	112.173 91	26	40.044 08	116.854 74
10	28.563 64	117.391 30	27	40.216 37	116.407 26
11	34.117 00	80.869 57	28	40.769 33	116.338 51
12	34.117 00	86.086 96	29	45.223 71	83.333 33
13	34.117 00	91.304 35	30	45.223 71	90.000 00
14	34.117 00	96.521 74	31	45.223 71	116.666 67
15	34.117 00	101.739 13	32	45.223 71	123.333 33
16	34.117 00	106.956 52	33	45.223 71	130.000 00
17	34.117 00	112.173 91	34	50.777 07	123.333 33

Table 1

Table 2

Simulation parameters［8，31-32］

参数	参数设置
轨道预报模型	考虑J₂摄动
链路类型	下行链路
LEO卫星最大视场角/（ $°$ ）	45
LEO地面站最小仰角/（ $°$ ）	25
LEO卫星天线峰值增益/dBi	27.6
LEO卫星传输功率/dBW	30.94
LEO系统通信频率/（GHz）	18.5
LEO卫星天线模型	ITU-R S.1528
GEO卫星升交点经度/（ $°$ ）	110.5
GEO地面站天线峰值增益/dBi	51.8
GEO系统通信频率/（GHz）	18.45
GEO地面站天线模型	ITU-R S.465
通信带宽/（MHz）	150
GEO地面站天线噪声温度/K	110
星座高度下限和上限/km	400，2 000
干扰规避区域高度间隔/km	50

Table 2

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 3

Average time consumption of single simulation under different satellite quantities

参数	算例1	算例2	算例3
卫星数量	56	78	224
仿真时间/d	1	1	2
$R E Z$ 指标计算耗时/s	0.189 79	0.192 55	0.446 86
$P h a r m$ 指标计算耗时/s	8.477 56	8.404 62	17.381 84
计算速度比值	44.67	43.65	38.90

Table 3

Table 4

Optimal constellation configuration parameters for single objective function

类型	成本最优	$R E Z$ 指标最优
星座构建成本评价指标/（10⁶美元）	75.13	98.53
星座干扰水平评价指标（%）	14.21	0
基准卫星轨道半径/km	8 364.54	8 364.54
基准卫星轨道倾角/（ $°$ ）	53.0	53.0
基准卫星升交点赤经/（ $°$ ）	280.33	354.02
基准卫星纬度幅角/（ $°$ ）	328.56	166.38
回归系数	45， 4	45， 4
星座构型	56， 14， 3	75， 15， 0

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.11

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参数	数值
种群规模	300
进化代数	400
交叉概率	0.8
变异概率	0.4
锦标赛选择规模	3

Optimization design of LEO communication constellation considering link interference

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