多旋翼近水面效应气动特性实验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32234

Abstract

Abstract:

When the cross-medium vehicle approach the water surface， the interaction between its downwash flow and the water surface generates mixed air-water flows. In this flow field， the rotor exhibits aerodynamic characteristics distinctly different from in-ground effect， a phenomenon known as the near-water effect. Compared to the near-water effect of single-rotor， the near-water effect of multi-rotor becomes more complex due to the aerodynamic interference between rotors and the coupling of their respective induced mixed air-water flows. Given the current lack of understanding of the near-water effect of multi-rotor， experiments are conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of multi-rotors near the water surface， measuring the aerodynamic forces and rotational speeds under different blade tip clearances and hovering heights. Combining the existing research on the near-ground wake structure of multi-rotor and the observed morphology of the mixed air-water flows， a preliminary cognitive framework of the near-water effect of multi-rotor is established， categorized as “merging， contacting and separating”. Under different mixed air-water flows conditions， the merging mode with the closest blade tip clearance exhibits the best aerodynamic performance. As the blade tip clearance increases， the contacting mode at a relatively higher distance from the water surface shows no significant thrust loss， whereas the contacting mode closer to the water surface results in a notable reduction in the rotor thrust coefficient. Additionally， in the separating mode with the largest blade tip clearance， the strong interaction between the water droplets generated by the rotor-water interaction and the rotor leads to a sharp increase in rotor torque.

Key words: cross-medium vehicle, multi-rotor, near-water effect, droplets, mixed air-water flows, fountain effect

CLC Number:

V211.7

Yu WANG, Xingzhi BAI, Daixian ZHANG, Zecheng LIN, Zhaolin FAN, Wenhua WU. Experiment on aerodynamic characteristics of near-water effect of multi-rotor[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(4): 132234.

Figures/Tables 31

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参数	量程
六轴力传感器拉力/N	300
六轴力传感器扭矩/（N·m）	25
传感器转速/（r·min^-1）	9 000

旋翼参数	数值
旋翼直径/m	0.56
叶片数量	2
无量纲桨尖间距S/R	0.1，0.5，0.75，1，1.25，1.5，2
无量纲距地面和水面距离z/R	0.1，0.15，0.2，0.25，0.3，0.4，0.5，0.6，0.7，0.8，0.9，1
油门值/%	40，50，60，70，80，90，100
水面高度/m	0.3

Experiment on aerodynamic characteristics of near-water effect of multi-rotor

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