通感一体化内生安全威胁及其跨层防御综述

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32891

Abstract

Abstract:

As a core technology of 6G networks， Integrated Sensing and Communication （ISAC） shows great potential in the field of Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network （SAGIN）. However， its integrated nature also introduces complex endogenous security threats. To address the problem that traditional network security mechanisms struggle to balance the dual requirements of communication confidentiality and real-time sensing， this paper systematically studies the endogenous security threats and cross-layer defense of ISAC systems in SAGIN. First， from three fundamental technical dimensions， including waveform and air interface design， spectrum resource sharing， and hardware-software equipment sharing， the endogenous vulnerability mechanisms of the ISAC system at the signal， data， and resource levels are deeply analyzed. Second， considering the highly dynamic spatiotemporal characteristics of space-air-ground application scenarios， the cross-layer security threats and attack paths faced by the system are systematically outlined， revealing the limitations of traditional defense mechanisms. Subsequently， a cross-layer collaborative dynamic defense architecture is proposed， which integrates key mechanisms including the construction of a physical layer trusted foundation， cross-modal data semantic security verification， and network layer resource dynamic elastic scheduling. The results indicate that this system， through the adaptive adjustment of defense strategies， effectively cuts off cross-layer collaborative attack paths， thereby providing significant dynamic resilience for ensuring high system availability. The derived theoretical models and defense framework lay a theoretical foundation for the targeted system research and development of future SAGIN， and provide technical references for the deployment of security services in related highly dynamic aerospace scenarios.

Key words: integrated sensing and communication, space-air-ground integrated network, endogenous security, cyber attack, dynamic defense model

CLC Number:

V19
TN929.5

Shiyue WANG, Kaixin CHENG, Yufan CHEN, Lei WANG, Jiachen SUN, Jiangchun GU, Lei ZHU. A review of endogenous security threats and cross-layer defense mechanisms in integrated sensing and communication system[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(18): 532891.

Figures/Tables 9

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共享模式	优势	缺点	适用场景
频分共享	实现简单，互扰小，按需分配频段	频谱利用率低	卫星广域探测、无人机编队传输探测
时分共享	频谱利用率高，时隙动态调整	切换损耗大，实时性差	卫星遥感回传、无人机低空轨迹跟踪
码分共享	抗干扰强，频谱利用率高	扩频增益有限，强干扰性能差	无人机群协同通信感知
动态频谱共享	自适应调整，优化频谱利用	技术实现复杂	卫星频段切换、多节点跨区频谱分配

攻击路径类别	具体攻击方式	核心脆弱性	空天地场景典型案例	攻击危害
信号级协同攻击	时空同步欺骗攻击	协议层时间同步校验缺失硬件层信号特征泄露	伪造无人机同步信号与雷达回波致编队溃散	时空误判、编队失效
信号级协同攻击	波束成形劫持攻击	协议层波束参数校验缺失硬件层指纹泄露	干扰卫星主波束，伪造旁瓣回波致区域失联	通信失准、感知失真
数据级语义攻击	对抗样本攻击	协议层数据语义校验缺失频谱层干扰放大	篡改无人机频谱数据诱使接入干扰频段	数据失真、资源误分配
	数据投毒攻击	协议层训练数据身份校验缺失硬件层认证缺失	向无人机检测模型注入有毒图像使民航误判	模型失效、防控误决策
	跨模态语义不一致攻击	协议层多模态交叉校验缺失频谱层信号互扰	伪造无人机视频或雷达有障数据延误救援	决策停滞、应急延误
资源级协同攻击	计算资源耗尽攻击	协议层任务优先级校验缺失硬件层故障传导	伪造卫星虚假感知任务使得数据回传中断	资源瘫痪、数据无法回传
	频谱资源劫持攻击	频谱层分配需求校验缺失协议层接入认证缺失	伪造无人机紧急需求抢占频谱导致通信中断	频谱被占、业务失效
	能量资源消耗攻击	硬件层功耗调度优化缺失协议层任务合法性校验缺失	诱使卫星满功率通信导致高频感知、载荷故障	能量耗尽、设备故障

A review of endogenous security threats and cross-layer defense mechanisms in integrated sensing and communication system

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[1]	Qihui WU, Chao DONG, Ziye JIA, Can CUI, Simeng FENG, Fuhui ZHOU, Hua XIE. Networking and control mechanism for low-altitude intelligent networks [J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(3): 28809-028809.
[2]	LI Xiaoyu, FENG Xiaoxue, PAN Feng, PU Ning. Adaptive state estimate for unmanned aircraft cyber-physical system with cyber attack [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2022, 43(3): 325193-325193.