橇板起落装置积雪道面落震受载非线性特性

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.33080

Abstract

Abstract:

Ski landing gears are core components that enable aircraft to take off and land safely on unpaved surfaces such as snow and swamps. They provide key technical support for operations in special environments， including polar scientific expeditions and air transportation in remote areas. However， most existing studies focus on paved surfaces， while analyses on the drop impact load-bearing characteristics of landing gears on snow-covered surfaces are relatively scarce. This scarcity makes it difficult to support the forward design of ski devices and the safety assessment of aircraft takeoff and landing in snowy environments. The drop impact load characteristics of ski landing gears on snow-covered surfaces are taken as the research object， and a dynamic analysis method for the snow load-bearing of landing gears is established by combining the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian （CEL） method and the Capped Drucker-Prager （CDP） snow constitutive model. The effectiveness of this analysis method is verified using test data from snow-covered flat plate settlement tests. On this basis， the impact load characteristics of three typical ski landing gears （fixed， strut， and articulated） during the drop impact phase are systematically studied， and the influence laws of sink rate and snow depth on vertical load-bearing are specifically analyzed. The simulation results show that a decrease in sink rate and an increase in snow depth significantly reduce the vertical peak load of the ski. When the snow depth increases from 300 to 500 mm， the peak load decreases by 52.4%. Meanwhile， compared with the energy absorption capacity of snow， the buffer plays a dominant role in energy dissipation. Compared with the articulated ski landing gear， an increase in sink rate directly affects the steady-state load distribution ratio between the wheels and ski of strut-type ski landing gear， significantly worsening the vertical load-bearing condition of the tires.

Key words: snow-covered pavement, ski landing gear, drop impact load characteristics, parameter influence analysis, Capped Drucker-Prager, coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian method

CLC Number:

V226

Huajin NI, Xinwang YANG, Taotao LIANG, Hong NIE, Xiaohui WEI, Yin YIN. Nonlinear load-bearing characteristics of ski landing gear during drop impact on snow-covered pavement[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(16): 233080.

Figures/Tables 25

Table 1

CDP constitutive model parameters for snow materials

参数	数值
弹性模量E/MPa	1.379
泊松比ν	0.3
平均雪密度ρ/（kg·m^-3）	200
D-P内聚力d/kPa	5
D-P摩擦角β/（°）	35
带帽离心率R	0.02
初始带帽屈服面位置 $ε v o l p l 0$	0.001
过渡面半径α	0
流动应力比K	1

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装置类型		固定式	支柱式	摇臂式
橇板尺寸	展宽/mm	880	880	700
	纵向投影长度/mm	1 600	1 600	2 000
	前翘角度/（°）	14	14	12
轮胎尺寸	外径/mm		460	680
	内径/mm		180	320
	宽度/mm		140	220
当量质量/（10³ kg）		3	3	5

工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）	工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）
1	400	1.0	6	300	2.5
2	400	1.5	7	350	2.5
3	400	2.0	8	450	2.5
4	400	2.5	9	500	2.5
5	400	3.0

参数	数值
C₁₀	9.9×10⁶
C₀₁	8.8×10⁶
D₁	10^-7

装置类型		固定式	支柱式	摇臂式
轮橇峰值载荷/N	下沉速度2.5 m/s	63 719	42 167	122 050
轮橇载荷分配比	下沉速度2 m/s		0.51	0.66
	下沉速度2.5 m/s		1.31	0.95
	下沉速度3 m/s		1.95	0.78

Nonlinear load-bearing characteristics of ski landing gear during drop impact on snow-covered pavement

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Figures/Tables 25

References 26

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工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）	工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）
1	400	1.0	6	300	2.5
2	400	1.5	7	350	2.5
3	400	2.0	8	450	2.5
4	400	2.5	9	500	2.5
5	400	3.0

[1]	WEI Peng, SHI Yongjie, XU Guohua. Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Method for Complicated Rotor Flow Field Prediction [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2013, 34(7): 1538-1547.
[2]	SHI Yongjie, XU Guohua. Research on the Influence of Flight Parameters on Helicopter Rotor BVI Noise Characteristics [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2013, 34(11): 2520-2528.

工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）	工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）
1	400	1.0	6	300	2.5
2	400	1.5	7	350	2.5
3	400	2.0	8	450	2.5
4	400	2.5	9	500	2.5
5	400	3.0

工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）	工况	雪体厚度/mm	下沉速度/（m·s⁻¹）
1	400	1.0	6	300	2.5
2	400	1.5	7	350	2.5
3	400	2.0	8	450	2.5
4	400	2.5	9	500	2.5
5	400	3.0