气体引射效应对壁面热流和摩擦阻力的影响

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28587

Abstract

Abstract:

The ablative thermal protection material will be pyrolyzed under high thermal load. The produced pyrolysis gas is injected into the boundary layer， reducing heat flux and skin-friction drastically. Firstly， the boundary condition of wall mass injection is established， and the accuracy of this boundary is verified. After that， for the hypersonic blunt wedge model， the mechanisms of the influence of different angles of attack and different gases on the wall heat flux and skin-friction are studied. The numerical results show that due to the existence of wall mass injection， the distance of the windward detached shock from the wall increases， and the high-temperature region is pushed away from the wall， reducing the wall heat flux and skin-friction. Compared with air injection， the distance of the detached shock due to pyrolysis gas at the same mass flow rate is farther from the wall， and the temperature gradient， viscosity coefficient， and velocity gradient also decrease obviously in the boundary layer. Therefore， the reduction of heat flux and skin-friction by pyrolysis gas injection is more significant， and the efficiency of heat flux and skin-friction reduction increases with the decrease of the attack angle. Comparison of the results at different mass flow rates finds that the increase in air injection mass flow rate improves the efficiency of heat flux and skin-friction reduction， and the efficiencies of both is nearly equal when the air injection mass flow rate is twice that of the pyrolysis gas.

Key words: pyrolysis gas, wall mass injection, heat flux and skin-friction reduction, hypersonic, computational fluid dynamics

CLC Number:

V211.3

Yuxiang FAN, Rui ZHAO, Zhengxuan ZUO, Guang YANG, Yu LI. Gas⁃injection effects on wall heat flux and skin⁃friction of vehicles[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(21): 528587.

Figures/Tables 21

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References 32

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反应序号	反应模型	M	C_f，_r / （cm³·（mol·s）^-1）	n_f，_r	E_f，_r /K
1	N₂+M⇔N+N+M	N₂， O₂， NO， CO， CO₂	7.0×10²¹	-1.6	113 200
2	N₂+M⇔N+N+M	N， O	3.0×10²²	-1.6	113 200
3	O₂+M⇔O+O+M	N₂， O₂， NO， CO， CO₂	2.0×10²¹	-1.5	59 500
4	O₂+M⇔O+O+M	N， O	1.0×10²²	-1.5	59 500
5	NO+M⇔N+O+M	N₂， O₂， NO， CO， CO₂	5.0×10¹⁵	0.0	75 500
6	NO+M⇔N+O+M	N， O	1.1×10¹⁷	0.0	75 500
7	CO₂+M⇔CO+O+M	N₂， O₂， NO， CO， CO₂	6.9×10²¹	-1.5	63 275
8	CO₂+M⇔CO+O+M	N， O	1.4×10²²	-1.5	63 275
9	H₂+M⇔H+H+M	N₂， O₂， NO， CO， CO₂， H₂， N， O	9.0×10¹⁴	0.0	48 400
10	H₂+M⇔H+H+M	H， H₂O	8.5×10¹⁹	-1.1	52 335
11	H₂O+M⇔OH+H+M	H， H₂O， N， O	1.3×10²¹	-1.0	60 000
12	N₂+O⇔NO+N		6.4×10¹⁷	-1.0	38 400
13	NO+O⇔O₂+N		8.4×10¹²	0.0	19 450
14	CO₂+O⇔CO+O₂		2.1×10¹³	0.0	27 800
15	CO+NO⇔CO₂+N		8.0×10⁶	0.88	13 300
16	H+CO₂⇔CO+OH		1.6×10¹⁴	0.0	13 200
17	H+H₂O⇔H₂+OH		1.0×10¹⁰	1.2	9 620
18	H+NO⇔N+OH		2.2×10¹⁴	0.0	24 900
19	H₂+O₂⇔OH+OH		2.5×10¹²	0.0	19 600
20	CH₄+CH₄+O₂⇒H₂+H₂+H₂+H₂+CO+CO		2.06×10¹⁴	0.0	24 358

组分	引射组分质量分数
组分	热解气体引射	空气引射
H₂O	0.66	0
CO₂	0.01	0
CO	0.04	0
CH₄	0.06	0
H₂	0.23	0
N₂	0	0.77
O₂	0	0.23

网格编号	网格分布（N_x ×N_y ）	Re_grid
网格1	245×112	40
网格2	347×159	4
网格3	491×225	2

攻角/（°）	0.005 kg/（m²·s）热解气体引射	0.005 kg/（m²·s）空气引射	0.01 kg/（m²·s）空气引射
0	0.90	0.63	0.92
5	0.75	0.49	0.81
9.5	0.63	0.38	0.66

攻角/（°）	0.005 kg/（m²·s）热解气体引射	0.005 kg/（m²·s）空气引射	0.01 kg/（m²·s）空气引射
0	0.95	0.72	0.96
5	0.87	0.58	0.88
9.5	0.77	0.45	0.75

Gas⁃injection effects on wall heat flux and skin⁃friction of vehicles

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