Abstract: A real-time satellite attitude planning algorithm (RSAPA) is developed for low radar cross section (RCS) micro-satellites with limited attitude control energy and abilities to enhance their on-orbit operational effectiveness and survivability. Based on the curved surface pixel method (CSPM), finite difference time domain (FDTD) and hypothesis testing, novel micro-satellite RCS and radar detection probability mathematical models are established in a three-dimensional (3D) space, and the relative radar threat evaluation function and planning cost evaluation function are defined according to a novel radar distribution model. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is applied to the planning to decrease the algorithm computational complexity and improve its real-time performance. In the simulation, within limited computational complexity and planning cost, the algorithm reduces effectively the micro-satellite’s RCS and radar detection probability in threat directions, and meets the needs of real-time micro-satellite attitude planning.

Key words: attitude planning, micro-satellite, radar cross section, particle swarm optimization, computational complexity