Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (17): 633429.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33429
• Special Topic: Metal Fuel Propellant Technology • Previous Articles
Ping’an LIU1,2,3, Shang LIU1, Aimin PANG4, Yuxin YANG5, Zhiwen WU6, Tao YAN1, Shixuan HUI1, Kejing XU1(
)
Received:2026-01-29
Revised:2026-02-26
Accepted:2026-03-27
Online:2026-04-27
Published:2026-04-14
Contact:
Kejing XU
E-mail:xukejing@hrbeu.edu.cn
Supported by:CLC Number:
Ping’an LIU, Shang LIU, Aimin PANG, Yuxin YANG, Zhiwen WU, Tao YAN, Shixuan HUI, Kejing XU. Review on metal fuels and its application in ramjet engines[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2026, 47(17): 633429.
Table 1
Common metal fuels and their properties[13]
| 金属燃料 | Li | Be | B | Mg | Al |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEM图像 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 相对分子质量 | 6.94 | 9.01 | 10.81 | 24.31 | 26.97 |
| 密度/(g | 0.54 | 1.86 | 2.22 | 1.74 | 2.70 |
| 熔点/K | 452 | 1 558 | 2 570 | 920 | 930 |
| 沸点/K | 1 609 | 3 243 | 2 820 | 1 370 | 2 720 |
| 质量燃烧热/(kJ | 42.90 | 66.45 | 59.30 | 24.70 | 31.10 |
| 体积燃烧热/(kJ | 23.00 | 123.00 | 131.60 | 43.00 | 83.90 |
| 氧化物 | Li2O | BeO | B2O3 | MgO | Al2O3 |
| 熔点/K | 1 840 | 2 843 | 720 | 3 075 | 2 323 |
| 沸点/K | 2 873 | 4 173 | 2 320 | 3 350 | 3 800 |
Table 2
Comparison of common definitions of engine combustion efficiency(ηc)
| 方法 | 基本定义 | 主要反映内容 | 主要优点 | 主要缺点 | 适用性 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基于特征速度[ | 燃烧室将化学能转化为高温高压气体的能力 | 计算简单,只需压力、流量等整体参数;广泛用于发动机试验评价 | 无法区分燃烧不完全、热损失或流动损失;对反应机理信息反映较少 | 最经典、最常用的方法;常用于发动机整体性能评价 | |
| 基于燃料转化率[ | 燃料参与化学反应的比例 | 直接反映燃料是否充分反应;适用于颗粒燃烧研究 | 需要收集未反应燃料或颗粒;试验难度大 | 常用于金属颗粒燃烧机理研究 | |
| 基于能量释放[ | 燃料化学能转化为气体热能的程度 | 符合热力学本质;能够反映热损失影响 | 需要准确测量温度、流量和比热;误差较大 | 多用于热力学理论分析或数值模拟 | |
| 基于燃烧产物[ | 根据产物与理论产物比例计算 | 反应路径与产物生成情况 | 可反映反应机理和不完全燃烧产物 | 需要复杂的成分分析;采样困难 | 常用于反应路径机理研究 |
Table 3
Technological evolution trajectory of water ramjet engine developed by Zhang Weihua team at National University of Defense Technology
| 年份 | 阶段定位与研究重点 | 代表性成果 | 文献 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2007—2008 | 药柱式水冲压发动机原 理验证与基础参数研究 | 首次实现铝基药柱式水冲压发动机稳定燃烧(一次进水,效率70.3%);明确一次水燃比、进水位置、进水口数量及液滴粒径的优化范围 | [ |
| 2009—2011 | 二次进水策略的提出与 多参数设计方法构建 | 发现最佳二次水燃比,建立水燃比选择方法;提出燃烧室长度与进水位置设计方法(燃烧效率+16.93%);明确进水角度(30°~65°)与雾化锥角(50°~110°)最优范围 | [ [ |
| 2012—2014 | 燃烧室构型优化与燃烧 过程机理研究 | 确立非壅塞式构型为最优燃烧室方案;揭示点火过程关键影响因素 | [ |
| 2016—2018 | 点火特性深化与粉末式 技术探索 | 明确点火药特性对点火过程的影响规律;实现铝粉粉末式水冲压发动机稳定燃烧 | [ |
| 2022—2025 | 燃料多元化拓展与粉末 式技术深化 | 验证旋流式粉末燃料水冲压发动机构型可行性;实现硼基药柱式水冲压发动机稳定燃烧 | [ |
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