航空锂电池热失控高温喷射冲击实验

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30965

Abstract

Abstract:

In enclosed spaces such as battery packs or battery compartments， the jet impact generated by thermal runaway of aviation lithium batteries can cause significant damage to structures. This paper uses high-temperature impact， impact force， and impulse as evaluation parameters. An independently constructed jet impact experimental platform is employed to quantitatively study the damage degree of battery pack or battery compartment structure in actual use scenarios through measured data. Moreover， we also analyze the impact of battery state of charge， impact distance between battery and structure， and compartment thickness on the impact hazard of battery thermal runaway jet impact. The experiment showed that when the 100% State of Charge （SOC） battery had thermal runaway， the 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm thickness experimental plates were perforated to varying degrees after being impacted， with the maximum perforation area reaching 136.488 mm². The 1.5 mm thickness experimental cabin did not perforate and achieved effective containment. As the impact distance increases from 1 cm to 3 cm， the peak temperature of the experimental plate back plate decreases significantly， with an average decrease rate of 47.5 ℃/cm per unit distance； the maximum impact force increases accordingly， with an average unit distance growth rate of 142.95 N/cm. In summary， to control the thickness of the plate to meet the lightweight design， it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the thermal runaway spray temperature and impact hazard， and reasonably select the gap distance between the battery and the shell or the upper wall panel of the cabin to achieve the containment of the thermal runaway high-temperature spray impact by the battery pack or cabin.

Key words: aviation lithium batteries, thermal runaway, temperature, jet impact, impact force, impulse

CLC Number:

V242

Juan YANG, Jianing HU, Jiacheng TONG, Qingsong ZHANG. Experiment on high-temperature jet impact induced by thermal runaway in aviation lithium-ion batteries[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(23): 430965.

Figures/Tables 14

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工况参数	数值
电池SOC/%	30，50，70，100
冲击距离/cm	1，2，3
舱体实验板厚度/mm	1.0，1.2，1.5

板材厚度/mm	冲击距离/cm	穿孔面积/mm²
1.5	1，2，3	0 （未穿孔）
1.2	1	133.3
	2	118.2
	3	0 （未穿孔）
1.0	1	71.535
	2	112.697
	3	136.488

冲击距离/cm	SOC/%	冲量/（N·s）
1	30	16.434
	50	14.336
	70	62.451
	100	70.210
2	30	55.980
	50	57.970
	70	91.729
	100	95.070
3	30	66.051
	50	68.438
	70	113.674
	100	143.347

Experiment on high-temperature jet impact induced by thermal runaway in aviation lithium-ion batteries

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