基于仿脉冲星X射线信标的航天器定位方法

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.26596

Abstract

Abstract:

Inspired by the X-ray pulsar navigation technology， this study proposes a spacecraft positioning method based on pulsar-like X-ray beacons， which means that artificial beacons are used to imitate pulsars to send high stability and high signal-to-noise ratio X-ray signals， so as to provide positioning services for target spacecraft. Firstly， the positioning principle of the X-ray beacon based on the intersection of three spheres is introduced. On the basis of analyzing the influence of the signal coverage of the X-ray beacon and the gravitational perturbation of the celestial body， the scheme of arranging the X-ray beacon at the Lagrangian point in the orbit of the planets in the solar system is proposed. Secondly， the feasibility of artificial radiation sources is analyzed and demonstrated， and the parameters of radiation sources are preliminarily optimized based on the criteria of preferred pulsars and actual pulsar characteristics. Then， in view of the needs of Earth-Mars transfer trajectory in the future， an observation equation based on the X-ray beacon is constructed based on the spacecraft dynamics model， and the navigation filtering algorithm uses the extended Kalman filter method to study the influence of X-ray beacon geometry distribution， observation error， number of beacons， clock difference and orbital error on position determination accuracy. Simulation results show that under the condition of observing three beacons at the same time and the TOA measurement accuracy is 50 ns， the proposed method can achieve an optimal estimation accuracy of spacecraft position of 152 m， and most beacon combinations can control the positioning error within 1 km. Increasing the number of observation beacons has significantly improved the combination of beacons with lower positioning accuracy. However， due to the small inclination of the orbits between the planets in the solar system， the positioning error of the geothermal transfer orbiting spacecraft is still in the order of 100 m in simultaneous observation of 5 beacons. According to the actual needs of spacecraft in the field of deep space exploration， the positioning method proposed is expected to become an important supplement to the navigation positioning of spacecraft in deep space exploration.

Key words: X-ray pulsar navigation, X-ray beacon, Lagrange point, extended Kalman filtering, Earth-Mars transfer trajectory

CLC Number:

V324.2⁺4

Junqiu YIN, Yunpeng LIU, Xiaobin TANG. Spacecraft positioning method based on pulsar-like X-ray beacon[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(3): 526596-526596.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Table 1

Table 2

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 3

Table 4

Fig. 7

Table 5

Table 6

Fig. 8

Table 7

Table 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

Table 9

Fig. 11

Table 10

References 31

1	WANG Y D， ZHENG W. Pulse phase estimation of X-ray pulsar with the aid of vehicle orbital dynamics［J］. Journal of Navigation， 2016， 69（2）： 414-432.
2	HAN X X， DU T X， PAN C， et al. Similar Hadamard-based compressive sensing and its application in pulsar TOA estimation［J］. Optik， 2019， 197： 163270.
3	BEI X M， SHUAI P， HANG L W， et al. Research on the pulsar optimizing method and the database construction［M］∥Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Berlin， Heidelberg： Springer Berlin Heidelberg， 2015： 595-602.
4	RAO Y， KANG Z W， LIU J， et al. High-accuracy pulsar time delay estimation using an FrFT-based GCC［J］. Optik， 2019， 181： 611-618.
5	李敏，张迎春，耿云海，等. 鲁棒EKF在脉冲星导航系统中的应用［J］. 航空学报， 2016， 37（4）： 1305-1315.
	LI M， ZHANG Y C， GENG Y H， et al. A robust extended Kalman filter algorithm for X-ray pulsar navigation system［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2016， 37（4）： 1305-1315 （in Chinese）.
6	NING X L， GUI M Z， FANG J C， et al. Differential X-ray pulsar aided celestial navigation for Mars exploration［J］. Aerospace Science and Technology， 2017， 62： 36-45.
7	LIU Y， HUANG J F， CAI S， et al. Electric simulation of silicon drift detector for single photon measurement［J］. Europhysics Letters， 2020， 130（5）： 50006.
8	熊凯，魏春岭，李连升，等. 基于扩维QLEKF的脉冲星/星间定向组合导航［J］. 航空学报， 2023， 44（3）： 526232.
	XIONG K， WEI C L， LI L S， et al. Pulsar/inter-satellite LOS integrated navigation based on augmented QLEKF［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2023， 44（3）： 526232 （in Chinese）.
9	SUN J， GUO P B， WU T， et al. Pulsar/star tracker/INS integrated navigation method based on asynchronous observation model［J］. Journal of Aerospace Engineering， 2019， 32（5）： 4019075.
10	孙海峰，邓忠文，苏哲，等. 空间射电望远镜的脉冲星自主导航性能分析［C］//第十二届中国卫星导航年会. 中国卫星导航系统管理办公室学术交流中心：中国卫星导航学术年会组委会，2021： 97-102.
	SUN H F， DENG Z W， SU Z， et al. Analysis of pulsar autonomous navigation performance of space radio telescopes［C］∥The 12th Annual Conference of China Satellite Navigation. Nanchang： 2021： 97-102 （in Chinese）.
11	HENKE B L， GULLIKSON E M， DAVIS J C. X-ray interactions： Photoabsorption， scattering， transmission， and reflection at E = 50-30， 000 eV， Z=1-92［J］. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables， 1993， 54（2）： 181-342.
12	HU J G， WANG P， LU Y H， et al. Sub-diffraction-limit imaging in optical hyperlens［J］. Chinese Physics Letters， 2008， 25（12）： 4439-4441.
13	赵宝升，苏桐，盛立志. 空间X射线通信概论［M］. 北京：科学出版社， 2016： 13.
	ZHAO B S， SU T， SHENG L Z. Introduction to space X-ray communication［M］. Beijing： Science Press， 2016： 13 （in Chinese）.
14	DOWNS G S. Interplanetary navigation using pulsating radio sources［R］. Washington D. C.： NASA， 1974.
15	CHESTER T J， BUTMAN S A. Navigation using X-ray pulsars［R］. Washington D. C.： NASA， 1981.
16	赵士伟. 太阳系拉格朗日点研究与可视化表示［D］. 石家庄：石家庄铁道大学， 2020： 72.
	ZHAO S W. The visualization Lagrange point in the solar-system［D］. Shijiazhuang： Shijiazhuang Tiedao University， 2020： 72 （in Chinese）.
17	HILL K A. Autonomous navigation in libration point orbits［D］. Boulder： University of Colorado at Boulder， 2007.
18	赵露华，费保俊，杜健，等. 基于X射线脉冲星的Halo轨道卫星自主导航和控轨［J］. 装甲兵工程学院学报， 2011， 25（5）： 94-97， 102.
	ZHAO L H， FEI B J， DU J， et al. Navigation and orbit control of satellites in halo orbits based on X-ray pulsars［J］. Journal of Academy of Armored Force Engineering， 2011， 25（5）： 94-97， 102 （in Chinese）.
19	YANG C W， ZHENG J H， LI M T， et al. Integrated navigation based on pulsar in libration point orbit［C］∥Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Chinese Guidance， Navigation and Control Conference. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2014： 83-87
20	GAO Y T， YOU Z C， LIU J Y， et al. The influence of orbital maneuver on autonomous orbit determination of an extended satellite navigation constellation［J］. Advances in Space Research， 2021， 67（6）： 1733-1742.
21	王大轶，李茂登，黄翔宇. 航天器多源信息融合自主导航技术［M］. 北京：北京理工大学出版社， 2018： 168-169.
	WANG D Y， LI M D， HUANG X Y. Spacecraft autonomous navigation technology based on multi-source information fusion［M］. Beijing： Beijing Insititute of Technology Press， 2018： 168-169 （in Chinese）.
22	梁昊，詹亚锋，尹海亮. X射线脉冲星导航系统选星方法研究［J］. 电子与信息学报， 2015， 37（10）： 2356-2362.
	LIANG H， ZHAN Y F， YIN H L. Research on pulsars selection for X-ray pulsar navigation system［J］. Journal of Electronics ＆ Information Technology， 2015， 37（10）： 2356-2362 （in Chinese）.
23	HANG S， LIU Y P， LI H， et al. Temporal characteristic analysis of laser-modulated pulsed X-ray source for space X-ray communication［J］. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A： Accelerators， Spectrometers， Detectors and Associated Equipment， 2018， 887： 18-26.
24	HAMAMATSU. Light excited X-ray tube n5084 technical information［EB/OL］. ［2021-08-31］. extension：∥bfdogplmndidlpjfhoijckpakkdjkkil/pdf/viewer.html？file=https% 3A%2F%2Fseltokphotonics.com%2Fupload%2Fiblock%2Fa62%2Fa6244462da8bf8c33106fb3c9c30fb88.pdf.
25	FENG Z P， LIU Y P， MU J X， et al. Optimization and testing of groove-shaped grid-controlled modulated X-ray tube for X-ray communication［J］. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A： Accelerators， Spectrometers， Detectors and Associated Equipment， 2022， 1026： 166218.
26	王瑞荣，安红海，熊俊，等. 准单色近平行光束的X射线源［J］. 物理学报， 2018， 67（24）： 240701.
	WANG R R， AN H H， XIONG J， et al. X-ray source with quasi-monochromatic parallel beam［J］. Acta Physica Sinica， 2018， 67（24）： 240701 （in Chinese）.
27	BERNHARDT H， SCHMITT A T， GRABIGER B， et al. Ultra-high precision X-ray polarimetry with artificial diamond channel cuts at the beam divergence limit［J］. Physical Review Research， 2020， 2（2）： 023365.
28	WANG Y Y， LIU Y P， MU J X， et al. Collimating/focusing optical system designed for hard X-ray communication［J］. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A： Accelerators， Spectrometers， Detectors and Associated Equipment， 2021， 1016： 165776.
29	郑伟，王奕迪，汤国建. X射线脉冲星导航理论与应用［M］. 北京：科学出版社， 2015： 98.
	ZHENG W， WANG Y D， TANG G J. X-ray pulsar-based navigation： theory and applications［M］. Beijing： Science Press， 2015： 98 （in Chinese）.
30	MA Y T， LIU J B， ZHAO W X， et al. Researches on stability of microfocus electron-impact X-ray source［C］∥ SPIE Proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies： Design， Manufacturing， and Testing of Micro- and Nano-Optical Devices and Systems； and Smart Structures and Materials. Bellingham： SPIE， 2016， 9685： 115-119.
31	ZHU X L， CHEN M， WENG S M， et al. Extremely brilliant GeV γ-rays from a two-stage laser-plasma accelerator［J］. Science Advances， 2020， 6（22）： eaaz7240.

辐射源	λ_p/（photons·s·m^-2）	T₅₀ /ms	σ_TOA/μs
PSR B1937+21	1.54×10⁴	1.670	0.390 0
PSR B0531+21	0.449	0.021	9.630 0
人造辐射源	1.54×10⁴	0. 210	0.049 1

参数	数值
开始时间	2018-05-23 08： 23： 24.009 UTCG
结束时间	2019-02-02 08：23：24.009 UTCG
坐标系	J2000.0日心黄道坐标系
初始位置/km	［-70 597 583.471 308，-134 137 866.280 822， 23 192.415 638］
	［-70 597 583.471 308，-134 137 866.280 822， 23 192.415 638］
初始速度/（km·s^-1）	［28.251 309，-15.79 5096，0.055 146］

参数	数值
X射线探测器数量	3
滤波周期/s	300
初始误差	［1 km，1 km，1 km，1 m/s，1 m/s，1 m/s］
状态转移噪声方差阵	diag［（200 m）²，（200 m）²，（200 m）²，（0.3 m/s）²，（0.3 m/s）²，（0.3 m/s）²］
测量噪声标准差/m	［15， 15， 15］

编号	距离/km
SM1距SM2	1 980 171.962
SM1距SM4	207 654 149.151
SM1距SM5	207 654 224.484
SM2距SM4	208 644 301.975
SM2距SM5	208 644 226.820
SM4距SM5	360 521 975.360

信标组合	定位误差/km	速度误差/（m·s^-1）	几何精度因子
SE2-SE4-SM1	0.153	0.025	12.605
SE2-SE5-SM4	0.544	0.034	67.892
SE4-SE2-SM4	1.610	0.0737	270.261
SE5-SM2-SM4	3.631	0.132	824.779
SE1-SE2-SE5	6.216	0.174	1 061.449
SE1-SE4-SM5	14.959	0.483	3 442.754

Spacecraft positioning method based on pulsar-like X-ray beacon

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 21

References 31

Related Articles 5

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

观测误差/m	定位误差/m	速度误差/（m·s^-1）
15	152.264	0.021
150	904.674	0.224
1 500	5 181.569	2.188
15 000	27 564.654	15.986

信标组合	定位误差/km	速度误差/（m·s^-1）	几何精度因子
SM1
SM1-SM2
SM1-SM2-SE2	7.05	3.920	826.103
SM1-SM2-SE2-SM5	0.127	0.022	10.844
SM1-SM2-SE2-SM5-SE4	0.118	0.020	9.684
SM1-SM2-SE2-SM5-SE4

信标组合	定位误差/km	速度误差/（m·s^-1）	几何精度因子
SE4
SE4-SE5
SE4-SE5-SM4	0.550	0.033 9	69.166 0
SE4-SE5-SM4-SM1	0.183	0.024 1	14.379 4
SE4-SE5-SM4-SM5-SM1	0.152	0.018 3	13.045 2

轨道误差/km	定位误差/km	速度误差/（m·s^-1）
0	0.152 0	0.021 8
1	1.013 1	0.023 2
10	10.004 0	0.022 9
100	99.994 0	0.023 4
1 000	999.998 0	0.022 8

时钟误差/s	定位误差/km	速度误差/（m·s^-1）
7.40×10^-4	1 035.317	0.034 2
3.43×10^-3	20 677.808	0.091 2
1.71×10^-2	101 298.716	7.100 0

[1]	Kai XIONG, Chunling WEI, Liansheng LI, Peng ZHOU. Pulsar/inter-satellite LOS integrated navigation based on augmented QLEKF [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(3): 526232-526232.
[2]	Qingyong ZHOU, Linli YAN, Liansheng LI, Laiping FENG, Yongqiang SHI, Pengfei SUN, Liu FANG, Long WANG. On⁃orbit stability analysis of FXPT on XPNAV⁃1 [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(3): 526610-526610.
[3]	Kun JIANG, Wenhai JIAO, Xiaolong HAO, Ying LIU, Yidi WANG, Xinyuan ZHANG, Ji GUO. Scientific experiments and achievements of XPNAV-1 [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023, 44(3): 526611-526611.
[4]	LI Min, ZHANG Yingchun, GENG Yunhai, ZHU Baolong, LI Huayi. A robust extended Kalman filter algorithm for X-ray pulsar navigation system [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2016, 37(4): 1305-1315.
[5]	Zhang Han-guo;Zhang Hong-yue. FAULT TOLERANT NAVIGATION FOR AIRCRAFT LANDING [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 1993, 14(1): 104-108.