航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (11): 432760-432760   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32760

基于分级PID的无人机全电刹车控制方法

赵国栋1,2, 尹乔之1,2,3(), 张颂旸1,2, 魏小辉1,2,4, 聂宏1,2,3   

  1. 1.南京航空航天大学 航空学院,南京 210016
    2.南京航空航天大学 飞行器先进设计技术国防重点学科实验室,南京 210016
    3.南京航空航天大学 直升机动力学全国重点实验室,南京 210016
    4.南京航空航天大学 航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-05 修回日期:2025-10-27 接受日期:2025-11-18 出版日期:2025-12-09 发布日期:2025-12-08
  • 通讯作者: 尹乔之 E-mail:yinqiaozhi@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52375102);国家自然科学基金(U2570210);国家自然科学基金(52275114);江苏省基础研究计划(BK20250181);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(NN2025005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(NJ2024003);江苏高校优势学科建设工程

All-electric braking control method for UAVs based on hierarchical PID

Guodong ZHAO1,2, Qiaozhi YIN1,2,3(), Songyang ZHANG1,2, Xiaohui WEI1,2,4, Hong NIE1,2,3   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
    2.Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National Defense-Advanced Design Technology of Flight Vehicle,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Helicopter Aeromechanics,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
    4.State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
  • Received:2025-09-05 Revised:2025-10-27 Accepted:2025-11-18 Online:2025-12-09 Published:2025-12-08
  • Contact: Qiaozhi YIN E-mail:yinqiaozhi@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375102);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20250181);the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(NN2025005);the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions

摘要:

针对无人机全电刹车系统的强非线性、多耦合性以及参数时变等特点,提出一种基于分级PID控制的全电无人机刹车控制策略,根据滑移率的大小对控制参数进行分段,旨在提高飞机刹车过程中的减速率。首先,在Simulink中建立飞机地面滑跑动力学模型、机轮动力学模型、轮胎-跑道摩擦模型以及全电作动器模型,另外针对刹车盘摩擦系数随刹车盘温度、刹车压力等因素实时变化的特性,构建基于遗传算法优化BP神经网络的摩擦系数预测模型,进而设计了一套包含基准刹车、动态调整刹车和防滑刹车的分级PID控制系统。通过仿真分析,对比了PD+PBM控制和分级PID控制的控制效果,并对分级PID控制策略开展了地面惯性台试验验证。结果表明,提出的分级PID方法控制效果更优,仿真与试验结果误差在11%以内,验证了仿真模型的正确性及控制方案的有效性。分级PID控制器控制效果良好,飞机在不同工况下都能获得较高的减速率,即使在湿跑道湿态刹车盘这种最极端恶劣的工况下,仿真和试验时飞机的平均减速率也均能达到2 m/s2以上,两者误差在5.58%以内。

关键词: 高速无人机, 全电刹车, 摩擦系数预测, 分级PID控制, 刹车惯性台试验

Abstract:

To address the strong nonlinearity, high coupling, and time-varying parameters of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) all-electric braking systems, this paper proposes a hierarchical PID control strategy. The control parameters are adjusted in different stages according to the slip ratio to improve the aircraft’s deceleration performance. First, models of aircraft ground taxiing dynamics, wheel dynamics, tire-runway friction, and all-electric actuators were developed in Simulink. Furthermore, a predictive model for the brake disc friction coefficient is established using a Genetic Algorithm (GA)-optimized BP neural network, accounting for its real-time variations with temperature and braking pressure. A hierarchical PID control system comprising baseline braking, dynamic adjustment braking, and anti-skid braking is then designed. Through simulation analysis, a comparative study was conducted on the control performance of PD+PBM control and hierarchical PID control. Experimental verification of the hierarchical PID control strategy is also carried out on a ground inertia test bench. The results demonstrate that the proposed hierarchical PID method achieves superior control performance. The error between simulation and experimental results is within 11%, validating both the correctness of the simulation model and the effectiveness of the control strategy. The hierarchical PID controller exhibits satisfactory performance, enabling the aircraft to attain high deceleration rates under various operating conditions. Even under the most extreme and adverse condition-a wet runway with wet brake disks-the average deceleration rate of the aircraft in both simulation and experiments exceeds 2 m/s2, with an error between them within 5.58%.

Key words: high-speed UAV, all-electric braking, friction coefficient prediction, hierarchical PID control, brake inertia bench

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