航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 431831-431831   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31831

航空锂电池热失控燃爆火焰抑制阻火单元研究

杨娟1,2(), 赵昊宇3, 牛江昊3, 李文静3, 王鹤然3, 张青松2,3, 解江2   

  1. 1.中国民航大学 工程技术训练中心,天津 300300
    2.中国民航大学 天津市航空装备安全性与适航技术创新中心,天津 300300
    3.中国民航大学 安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300
    4.中国民航大学 科技创新研究院,天津 300300
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-21 修回日期:2025-02-12 接受日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-04-27 发布日期:2025-04-25
  • 通讯作者: 杨娟 E-mail:j_yang@126.cauc.edu.cn;j_yang@cauc.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2025YFF1502100);中央高校基本科研业务费自然科学重点项目(3122024058);天津市航空装备安全性与适航技术创新中心开放基金(JCZX-2024-KF-03);深圳市科技计划资助项目(KJZD20240903100707011)

Fire retardant unit for thermal runaway explosion flame suppression of aviation lithium batteries

Juan YANG1,2(), Haoyu ZHAO3, Jianghao NIU3, Wenjing LI3, Heran WANG3, Qingsong ZHANG2,3, Jiang XIE2   

  1. 1.Engineering Technology Training Center,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
    2.Tianjin Aviation Equipment Safety and Airworthiness Technology Innovation Center,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
    3.School of Safety Science and Engineering,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
    4.Institute of Science and Technology Innovation,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China
  • Received:2025-01-21 Revised:2025-02-12 Accepted:2025-04-03 Online:2025-04-27 Published:2025-04-25
  • Contact: Juan YANG E-mail:j_yang@126.cauc.edu.cn;j_yang@cauc.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2025YFF1502100);Key Project of Natural Sciences Funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(3122024058);Open Fund of Tianjin Aviation Equipment Safety and Airworthiness Technology Innovation Center(JCZX-2024-KF-03);Shenzhen Science and Technology Plan Funded Project(KJZD20240903100707011)

摘要:

航空锂电池系统热失控产生的燃爆火焰对机上周围设备、线路和结构的高温热冲击危害极大。构建波纹型阻火单元及其前后5 cm流体域的仿真模型,通过分析热失控过程中温度和压力流通特性可知,阻火单元芯体孔高越大越有利于减少电池燃爆舱内部压力积聚,芯体孔高越小更利于热量吸收和限制热量逸出,厚度越大则对火焰的抑制和控制流体流动效果更显著。搭建锂电池热失控火焰抑制专用测试平台,通过实验对比不同结构参数阻火单元对锂电池热失控火焰的抑制效果,芯体孔高侧重干预热量传递以及高能碎片的阻隔效果,0.6、0.9、1.2 mm芯体孔高阻火单元对排出气体温度的抑制效果最高分别可达到86.55%、76.80%和80.93%;厚度对燃爆气体逸散路径与腔内压力平衡调节有重要影响,在芯体孔高分别为0.6、0.9、1.2 mm的情况下,厚度每减少1 mm,压力参数峰值差分别会相应地增加250、190、120 Pa。综合仿真和实验分析,芯体孔高为0.9 mm、厚度为30 mm的阻火单元对锂电池热失控燃爆火焰抑制效果最佳,能将电池燃爆舱环境温度从365.6 ℃降低至156.1 ℃,将阻火单元背火面温度从238.3 ℃降低至108.5 ℃,并避免了阻火单元堵塞或高能碎片逸散。

关键词: 航空锂电池, 热失控, 气体燃爆, 燃爆防护, 火焰抑制, 波纹板阻火单元

Abstract:

The thermal runaway and explosion flames generated by the aviation Lithium Battery (LIB) system pose a significant risk of high-temperature thermal impact to the surrounding equipment, wiring, and structures on the aircraft. This study constructs a simulation model of the corrugated fire retardant unit and its fluid domain 5 cm on both sides of the unit. By analyzing the temperature and pressure flow characteristics during the thermal runaway process, it is known that a larger core height of the fire retardant unit is more conducive to reducing the accumulation of internal pressure in the LIB compartment, a smaller core height is more favorable for heat ab-sorption and limiting heat escape, and a greater thickness has a more pronounced effect on flame suppression and control of gas flow. A dedicated testing platform for LIB thermal runaway flame suppression was established to experimentally compare the suppression effects of fire retardant units with different structural parameters on the thermal runaway flames of LIB. The conclusion is drawn that the core height parameter focuses on intervening in heat transfer and the isolation effect of high energy fragments, with fire retardant units of core heights 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 mm achieving the highest suppression effects on the exhaust gas temperature of up to 86.55%, 76.80%, and 80.93%, respectively. The thickness significantly affects the escape path of the explosive gases and the balance of the pressure inside the chamber, and for core heights of 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 mm, each reduction of 1 mm in thickness lead to pressure parameter peak increases of 250, 190, 120 Pa, respectively. A comprehensive analysis of simulation and experiments indicates that the fire retardant unit with a core height of 0.9 mm and a thickness of 30 mm has the best suppression effect on the thermal runaway and explosion flames of LIB. This configuration effectively reduced the LIB explosion compartment environmental temperature from 365.6 ℃ to 156.1 ℃, and lowered the backside temperature of the fire retardant unit from 238.3 ℃ to 108.5 ℃, without causing blockage of the fire retardant unit or the dispersion of high-energy fragments.

Key words: aviation lithium battery, thermal runaway, gas explosion, explosion protection, flame suppression, corrugated plate fire retardant unit

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