航空学报 > 2015, Vol. 36 Issue (2): 422-440   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2014.0279

火星进入减速器技术综述与展望

李爽1,2, 江秀强1,2   

  1. 1. 南京航空航天大学 航天学院, 南京 210016;
    2. 南京航空航天大学 航天新技术实验室, 南京 210016
  • 收稿日期:2014-04-15 修回日期:2014-10-08 出版日期:2015-02-15 发布日期:2014-10-09
  • 通讯作者: 李爽 Tel.: 025-84896039 E-mail: lishuang@nuaa.edu.cn E-mail:lishuang@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李爽 男,博士,教授。主要研究方向:航天器动力学与控制、深空探测和航天技术新概念。Tel:025-84896039 E-mail:lishuang@nuaa.edu.cn;江秀强 男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:新型火星大气进入、下降与着陆的导航、制导与控制。Tel:025-84892805 E-mail:jiangxq@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(61273051,60804057);国家"863"计划(2011AA7034057E,2012AA121601)

Review and prospect of decelerator technologies for Mars entry

LI Shuang1,2, JIANG Xiuqiang1,2   

  1. 1. College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;
    2. Space New Technology Laboratory, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
  • Received:2014-04-15 Revised:2014-10-08 Online:2015-02-15 Published:2014-10-09
  • Supported by:

    National Natural Science Foundation of China (61273051, 60804057); National High-tech Research and Development Program of China (2011AA7034057E, 2012AA121601)

摘要:

随着火星着陆探测任务的不断推进,火星采样返回、载人登陆火星和火星基地等任务要求能将更大、更重的探测器着陆到火星表面,这就需要在火星大气进入阶段进行高效减速。基于以往成功的火星着陆探测任务,首先系统地回顾了火星进入段气动减速技术的发展历史;然后,结合火星进入过程的特点阐述了火星进入段减速设计的必要性及其面临的挑战;接着,系统地总结了充气式气动减速器、可展开式气动减速器和超声速反推减速器的系统构成和研究进展;最后,对这3种减速器技术的未来发展方向和亟待解决的关键问题进行了比较全面的分析和展望。

关键词: 火星进入, 大质量着陆任务, 充气式减速器, 可展开式减速器, 超声速反推减速器

Abstract:

With the continuous progress of the Mars exploration, future Mars missions, such as Mars sample return, manned Mars missions, and Mars base, require the lander with a larger size and heavier mass to land on the surface of the Mars, thus inevitably need more efficient deceleration technologies for Mars atmospheric entry. The history of aerodynamic deceleration for Mars entry is reviewed first based on the past successful Mars landing missions in the paper. Then, the characteristics and challenges of decelerator technologies encountered during Mars entry are analyzed in detail. And the system configuration and state-of-art of the inflatable decelerator, deployable decelerator and supersonic retro-propulsion decelerator are summarized. Finally, a more comprehensive analysis and outlook for these three Mars entry decelerators are conducted.

Key words: Mars entry, high-mass landing mission, inflatable decelerator, deployable decelerator, supersonic retro-propulsion decelerator

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