基于声波传播时间估计的气流速度测量方法

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2014.0204

电子与控制

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基于声波传播时间估计的气流速度测量方法

虞飞¹, 陶建武², 钱立林²

1. 海军航空工程学院控制工程系, 烟台 264001;
2. 空军航空大学飞行器控制系, 长春 130022

收稿日期:2014-04-16 修回日期:2014-09-05 出版日期:2015-04-15 发布日期:2014-09-10
通讯作者: 虞飞Tel.: 0431-86958318 E-mail: yufei19871128@163.com E-mail:yufei19871128@163.com
作者简介:虞飞男, 博士研究生。主要研究方向: 传感器与智能测量系统,传感器阵列信号处理。Tel: 0431-86958318 E-mail: yufei19871128@163.com;陶建武男, 博士, 教授, 博士生导师。主要研究方向: 矢量传感器阵列信号处理及其应用。E-mail: jianwu.tao@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(61172126);吉林省自然科学基金(20140101073JC)

Airspeed measurement method based on propagation time estimation of acoustic waves

YU Fei¹, TAO Jianwu², QIAN Lilin²

1. Department of Control Engineering, Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University, Yantai 264001, China;
2. Department of Aircraft Control Engineering, Aviation University of Air Force, Changchun 130022, China

Received:2014-04-16 Revised:2014-09-05 Online:2015-04-15 Published:2014-09-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61172126);Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province (20140101073JC)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现对亚声速和超声速气流速度的统一测量,提出了一种基于声传感器的新型测量方法。首先,根据声波在亚声速和超声速气流中的传播特性,利用特定的测量装置建立了声波传播时间与气流速度之间的数学模型,从而将气流速度的测量问题转化为声波传播时间的测量问题。然后,在此基础上,利用计时法和最大似然估计(MLE)方法来估计声波传播时间;其中,计时法在实时性上优势明显,而MLE方法则在可靠性上优于前者。最后,分别从阵元位置扰动性、计时误差和克拉美-罗界(CRB)3个方面对所提算法的性能进行了分析与仿真验证。结果表明,该算法能够实现对亚声速和超声速气流速度的精确测量。

关键词: 气流速度测量, 声传感器, 嵌入式大气数据传感, 最大似然估计, 克拉美-罗界, 信号处理

Abstract:

A novel airspeed measuring method based on acoustic sensors, applying to both subsonic and supersonic circumstances, is presented. Firstly,according to the propagation property of acoustic waves in subsonic and supersonic air current, the relationship between propagation time of acoustic waves and airflow velocity is derived for a given measuring equipment. Then, based on that, a timing method and a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm are proposed to estimate the traveling time of acoustic waves. The timing method gains an advantage over the MLE algorithm in real-time, while the MLE algorithm is more reliable than the former. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithms are verified by simulations and analyzed in terms of the perturbation of sensor position, the airspeed estimation error caused by timing error and the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) on the estimation error of propagation time. The results show that the proposed algorithms are able to measure subsonic and supersonic airspeed with high accuracy.

Key words: airspeed measurement, acoustic sensor, flush air data sensing, maximum likelihood estimation, Cramé, r-Rao bound, signal processing

中图分类号:

V219
TN06

虞飞, 陶建武, 钱立林. 基于声波传播时间估计的气流速度测量方法[J]. 航空学报, 2015, 36(4): 1285-1298.

YU Fei, TAO Jianwu, QIAN Lilin. Airspeed measurement method based on propagation time estimation of acoustic waves[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2015, 36(4): 1285-1298.

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E-mail：hkxb@buaa.edu.cn

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主管单位：中国科学技术协会主办单位：中国航空学会北京航空航天大学

基于声波传播时间估计的气流速度测量方法

Airspeed measurement method based on propagation time estimation of acoustic waves

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