航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (8): 232725-232725   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32725

固体力学与飞行器总体设计

起落架系统的分岔特性与参数耦合影响规律

刘冲冲1,2,3, 刘小川2(), 许勇3,4, 李霄2, 刘胜利2   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 力学与交通运载工程学院,西安 710072
    2.中国飞机强度研究所 强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065
    3.西北工业大学 空天领域复杂性科学教育部重点实验室,西安 710072
    4.西北工业大学 数学与统计学院,西安 710072
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-30 修回日期:2025-09-22 接受日期:2025-10-09 出版日期:2025-11-04 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者: 刘小川 E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家级项目;国家自然科学基金(12072264);国家自然科学基金(12272297)

Bifurcation characteristics and parameter coupling mechanisms of landing gear systems

Chongchong LIU1,2,3, Xiaochuan LIU2(), Yong XU3,4, Xiao LI2, Shengli LIU2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanics and Transportation Engineering,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Aircraft Strength Research Institute of China,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.MOE Key Laboratory for Complexity Science in Aerospace,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    4.School of Mathematics and Statistics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
  • Received:2025-08-30 Revised:2025-09-22 Accepted:2025-10-09 Online:2025-11-04 Published:2025-10-17
  • Contact: Xiaochuan LIU E-mail:liuxiaochuan@cae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12072264);National Level Project

摘要:

针对操纵状态下起落架摆振频发的工程问题,开展了高置信度模型与参数耦合影响规律研究。基于时滞轮胎动力学模型,构建了考虑轮胎侧向变形模式动态变化的起落架-轮胎耦合摆振动力学方程。通过Hopf分岔分析方法,计算起落架系统全局动力学特性的多维度投影,定量揭示了不同滑跑速度下起落架侧向弯曲刚度、扭转刚度等关键参数耦合效应对系统稳定性的影响规律与作用机制。计算结果与传统轮胎模型对比表明,二者既存在一致性,又凸显了传统轮胎模型在捕捉参数耦合作用方面的局限性。采用增强的贝叶斯优化方法优化起落架系统分岔特性,显著提升了系统稳定性。基于参数优化结果,结合Sobol全局灵敏度分析,量化揭示了多维参数对系统稳定性的影响对比,其结果与霍普分岔分析相互补充与验证。研究发现:当起落架扭转模态频率与侧向弯曲模态频率接近时,系统会产生显著的模态耦合效应,形成双稳态摆振边界,导致系统稳定性显著降低;低速滑跑时,侧向刚度不足易诱发摆振,而高速滑跑时,较高的起落架侧向弯曲刚度需要匹配更大的阻尼去抑制摆振;提升扭转刚度、降低轮胎侧向刚度在全速度域内均表现出显著的摆振抑制效果,可作为关键控制参数进行针对性设计与优化。

关键词: 时滞轮胎模型, 起落架摆振, 扭转刚度, 侧向弯曲刚度, Hopf分岔, 高斯过程模型

Abstract:

Addressing the frequent occurrence of landing gear shimmy under maneuvering conditions, this paper conducts research on high-fidelity modeling and parameter coupling effects. Based on a delay tire dynamic model, the coupled landing gear—tire shimmy dynamics equations are developed, which incorporate the time-varying tire lateral deformation modes. Utilizing Hopf bifurcation theory, we compute the global dynamic characteristics of the system through multi-dimensional projections, quantitatively revealing the influence patterns and mechanisms of key parameters (such as lateral bending stiffness and torsional stiffness) on the stability of the landing gear system across various taxiing speeds. Comparative results with traditional tire models show consistency of both and limitations of traditional tire models in capturing parameter coupling effects. By employing an enhanced Bayesian optimization method, we optimize the bifurcation characteristics of the landing gear system, resulting in a significant improvement in stability. Based on the parameter optimization results and combined with Sobol global sensitivity analysis, the comparative effects of multi-dimensional parameters on system stability are quantitatively revealed, with the results complementing and validating those from the Hopf bifurcation analysis. The study identifies that when the torsional mode frequency of the landing gear approaches the lateral bending mode frequency, substantial modal coupling occurs, creating a bistable shimmy critical boundary that drastically reduces stability. Low lateral stiffness of the landing gear may trigger shimmy during low-speed taxiing, while greater lateral stiffness at high speeds necessitates matched damping enhancement for shimmy mitigation. Increasing torsional stiffness and decreasing tire lateral stiffness yield notable shimmy suppression effects across the entire speed spectrum, indicating their potential as key control parameters for targeted design and optimization.

Key words: delay tire model, landing gear shimmy, torsional stiffness, lateral bending stiffness, Hopf bifurcation, Gaussian process model

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