航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (1): 232015-232015   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32015

直升机铝合金机身弹伤形态快速预测方法

张振1, 谭剑锋1(), 赵京龙1, 陈林海1, 闫羽泽1, 林长亮2   

  1. 1.南京工业大学 机械与动力工程学院,南京 211816
    2.中国航空工业集团哈尔滨飞机工业集团有限责任公司 飞机设计研究所,哈尔滨 150066
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 修回日期:2025-04-08 接受日期:2025-06-03 出版日期:2025-06-17 发布日期:2025-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 谭剑锋 E-mail:Jianfengtan@njtech.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12172165);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20211259);江苏省青蓝工程“优秀青年骨干教师”项目

Rapid prediction method of bullet damage morphology of helicopter aluminum alloy fuselage

Zhen ZHANG1, Jianfeng TAN1(), Jinglong ZHAO1, Linhai CHEN1, Yuze YAN1, Changliang LIN2   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Nanjing Tech University,Nanjing 211816,China
    2.Aircraft Design and Research Institute,AVIC Harbin Aircraft Industry Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Harbin 150066,China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-04-08 Accepted:2025-06-03 Online:2025-06-17 Published:2025-06-16
  • Contact: Jianfeng TAN E-mail:Jianfengtan@njtech.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172165);Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20211259);Outstanding Young Backbone Teacher Project of Jiangsu Qinglan Project

摘要:

针对直升机战场弹伤形态快速预测与抢修需求,基于Johnson-Cook本构模型、冲击有限元模型计算得到穿甲弹打击直升机铝合金机身的弹伤形态数据库,建立体现非对称弹伤特性的双椭圆函数模型,构建非对称弹伤形态与入射角度的关联函数,提出机身弹伤形态快速预测方法,并与有限元数值方法、基于遗传算法优化的支持向量机模型(GA-SVR模型)、实验结果对比验证。随后研究弹体口径、速度、入射角度与弹伤形态的影响特性。结果表明:弹伤形态快速预测方法计算得到的弹伤形态与实验测量结果吻合较好,弹宽误差为12.04%,弹长误差为7.03%。相比有限元数值方法、GA-SVR模型,弹伤快速预测方法计算得到的弹孔左、右半长,弹宽平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别为2.87%、4.32%、0.62%和2.92%、2.67%、0.64%,偏心距平均绝对误差(MAE)分别为0.554、0.35,快速预测方法与GA-SVR模型、有限元数值方法的计算精度相近;弹伤形态快速预测方法相比有限元数值方法、GA-SVR模型计算时间分别减少88%、97.7%,计算效率显著提高。相比弹体口径、速度,入射角度对弹伤形态的影响更大,入射角度与左、右半长呈二项指数关系,与偏心距呈三次多项式关系。

关键词: 直升机, 穿甲弹, 铝合金机身, 弹伤形态, 快速预测方法

Abstract:

For the rapid prediction and repair requirements of helicopter combat damage morphologies, a database for aluminum alloy body structures subjected to conical-cup-shaped armor-piercing bullets was established based on the Johnson-Cook constitutive model and impact finite element models. A double elliptic function model was developed to describe non-symmetric damage characteristics, incorporating key parameters such as bullet caliber, velocity, and incident angle to establish a relationship function for non-symmetric damage halves. A rapid prediction method for combat damage morphologies was proposed and compared against finite element numerical simulations, support vector machine mode optimized by genetic algorithm models(GA-SVR mode), and experimental results. Subsequently, investigate the effects of projectile caliber, impact velocity, and incidence angle on wound ballistics morphology. The results demonstrate good agreement with experimental measurements, achieving maximum errors of 12.04% in width and 7.03% in length. Compared to finite element numerical simulations and the GA-SVR model, the rapid prediction method achieved MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error) values of 2.87%, 4.32%, and 0.62% for the left semi-length, right semi-length, and width of the projectile hole, respectively, while the comparative methods yielded 2.92%, 2.67%, and 0.64% respectively. The MAE (Mean Absolute Error) for eccentricity was 0.554 and 0.35 respectively. The computational accuracy of the rapid prediction method is comparable to both finite element numerical method and the GA-SVR model. However, the computation time was reduced by approximately 88% and 97.7% respectively, demonstrating significantly improved computational efficiency. Compared to bullet caliber and velocity, incident angle has a greater impact on combat damage morphologies. The relationship between the incident angle and the left and right halves of perforation diameter is described by a two-term exponential function, while its relationship with offset distance is given by a three-term polynomial equation.

Key words: helicopter, armor-piercing bullet, aluminum alloy fuselage, bullet damage morphologies, rapid prediction method

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