航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (13): 532155-532155   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32155

一种高精度舰载VTOL飞机过渡轨迹优化与控制方法

朱奇1, 史静平1, 张一玮2, 屈晓波1, 吕永玺1()   

  1. 1.西北工业大学 自动化学院,西安 710072
    2.中国航空工业集团 飞行自动控制研究所,西安 710076
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24 修回日期:2025-04-27 接受日期:2025-05-13 出版日期:2025-05-21 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 通讯作者: 吕永玺 E-mail:yongxilyu@nwpu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(62173277);国家自然科学基金(62373301);航空科学基金(20220058053002);陕西省自然科学基金(2023-JC-YB-526)

A high-precision transition trajectory optimization and control method for shipborne VTOL aircraft

Qi ZHU1, Jingping SHI1, Yiwei ZHANG2, Xiaobo QU1, Yongxi LYU1()   

  1. 1.School of Automation,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China
    2.Flight Automatic Control Research Institute,AVIC,Xi’an 710076,China
  • Received:2025-04-24 Revised:2025-04-27 Accepted:2025-05-13 Online:2025-05-21 Published:2025-05-19
  • Contact: Yongxi LYU E-mail:yongxilyu@nwpu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(62173277);Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(20220058053002);Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-YB-526)

摘要:

针对舰载垂直起降(VTOL)飞机过渡过程中推进系统与气动力之间的强耦合非线性,以及过渡结束时升力风扇进气口盖关闭引起的气动系数瞬态突变,提出一种高精度舰载VTOL飞机过渡轨迹优化与控制方法。首先,考虑到复杂的作动结构和升力风扇进气口盖影响,基于风洞试验数据建立了舰载VTOL飞机过渡模型;其次,通过可达平衡集方法绘制过渡走廊,并以走廊边界、动态约束、过渡高度和过渡时间为安全和性能指标定义过渡目标,提出轨迹优化问题,基于自适应伪谱法设计过渡轨迹优化方法;最后,设计基于预设时间扰动观测器的增量式动态逆(PTDO-INDI)方法进行飞机控制,该方法能够在预设时间观测到扰动,并克服不确定干扰,提高鲁棒性。仿真和半实物实验表明:所提方法实现了舰载VTOL飞机过渡轨迹优化以及对最优轨迹的准确跟踪,同时有效抑制扰动影响,达到了兼顾安全与性能的高精度过渡目标。

关键词: 舰载垂直起降飞机, 升力风扇进气口盖, 自适应伪谱法, 预设时间扰动观测器, 增量式动态逆

Abstract:

A high-precision transition trajectory optimization and control method for shipborne Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft is proposed to address the strong coupling nonlinearity between the propulsion system and aerodynamic forces during the transition process, and the sudden change in aerodynamic coefficients caused by the closure of the lift fan inlet hatch at the end of the transition. Firstly, considering the complex actuation structure and the influence of the lift fan inlet hatch, a transition model of the shipborne VTOL aircraft is established based on wind tunnel experimental data. Secondly, the attainable equilibrium set method is used to draw the transition corridor and transition objectives are defined based on corridor boundaries, aircraft dynamic constraints, transition height, and transition time as safety and performance indicators, and an optimization problem is established to solve the optimal transition trajectory using adaptive pseudo-spectral method. Finally, a Preset Time Disturbance Observer of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (PTDO-INDI) method is designed for aircraft control. This method can observe disturbances at preset times, overcome uncertain disturbances, and improve robustness. Simulation and semi physical verification show that the proposed method achieves the optimization of the transition trajectory of shipborne VTOL aircraft and accurate tracking of the optimal trajectory, while effectively suppressing disturbance effects, achieving high-precision transition goals that balance safety and performance.

Key words: shipborne vertical takeoff and landing aircraft, lift fan inlet hatch, adaptive parameter self-adjusting pseudo-spectral method, preset time disturbance observer, incremental nonlinear dynamic inverse

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