航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (13): 531268-531268   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31268

基于视惯融合的机舰相对位姿和甲板晃动测量

王秋富1,2, 毕道明3, 张倬1,2, 孙晓亮1,2(), 于起峰1,2   

  1. 1.国防科技大学 空天科学学院,长沙 410073
    2.图像测量与视觉导航湖南省重点实验室,长沙 410073
    3.中国航空工业集团 沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳 110035
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-26 修回日期:2024-12-10 接受日期:2025-01-03 出版日期:2025-07-15 发布日期:2025-01-10
  • 通讯作者: 孙晓亮 E-mail:alexander_sxl@nudt.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(12272404);湖湘青年英才项目(2023RC3023)

Onboard visual-inertial relative pose and deck motion easurement for autonomous landing

Qiufu WANG1,2, Daoming BI3, Zhuo ZHANG1,2, Xiaoliang SUN1,2(), Qifeng YU1,2   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China
    2.Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Image Measurement and Vision Navigation,Changsha,Hunan 410073,China
    3.Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,AVIC,Shenyang 110850,China
  • Received:2024-09-26 Revised:2024-12-10 Accepted:2025-01-03 Online:2025-07-15 Published:2025-01-10
  • Contact: Xiaoliang SUN E-mail:alexander_sxl@nudt.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12272404);Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3023)

摘要:

舰载机自主着舰引导中,基于机载单目视觉的机舰间相对位姿测量存在精度不高、测量频率低、结果不连续等问题,且无法实现舰船甲板晃动测量,难以满足自主着舰引导中控制系统的严格应用要求。针对上述问题,提出基于视惯融合的机舰相对位姿和甲板晃动测量方法。利用机载单目视觉和惯性单元的测量信息,以二维关键点图像坐标为观测向量,构建基于误差状态的卡尔曼紧耦合滤波框架,实现动态背景、目标平台运动等受限观测条件下机舰间相对位姿和舰船甲板晃动的高效、高精度解算。针对机舰运动特性,提出误差状态异步更新策略,分步更新飞机和舰船运动状态信息,提高了位姿参数的估计精度。实验结果表明,相对机载单目位姿估计,方法全序列平均相对定位精度提升约180%,平均平移误差降低至3%,甲板晃动欧拉角平均测量误差约为0.1°,滤波平均耗时小于0.02 ms,实现了机舰相对位姿和甲板晃动的高效、高精度测量,可作为后端算法与多种视觉前端组合,为舰载机自主着舰引导提供可靠依据。

关键词: 自主着舰引导, 视惯融合, 相对位姿, 甲板晃动, ESKF, 运动估计

Abstract:

Due to the insufficient accuracy, low frequency, discontinuity and deficiency in deck motion estimation, it is difficult for onboard monocular pose measurement to achieve robust autonomous landing guidance. To address the above issues, an on-board visual-inertial measurement method based on error state Kalman filter is put forward. The proposed framework tightly integrates 2D key points and IMU data to realize efficient and accurate relative pose and deck motion estimation under the constrained condition of dynamic backgrounds, moving target, et al. Considering the motion characteristics of the aircraft and ship, a novel asynchronous error state updating strategy is proposed to achieve high-precision performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the average relative positioning accuracy is improved by about 180% with average translation error decreasing to 3% of the counterpart compared to monocular methods. As to deck motion estimation, the average error of the ship Euler angle is about 0.1°. A cycle of state prediction and update can be conducted within 0.02 ms. The superior performance in accuracy and efficiency of relative and deck motion estimation guarantees significant capacity of the proposed method to integrate with various visual frontends, to perform sound autonomous landing guidance.

Key words: autonomous landing guidance, visual-inertial integration, relative pose, deck motion, ESKF, motion estimation

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