航空学报 > 2018, Vol. 39 Issue (12): 122165-122165   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2018.22165

结冰飞机着陆阶段飞行安全包线确定及操纵应对策略

周驰, 李颖晖, 郑无计, 武朋玮, 董泽洪   

  1. 空军工程大学 航空工程学院, 西安 710038
  • 收稿日期:2018-03-26 修回日期:2018-04-20 出版日期:2018-12-15 发布日期:2018-06-01
  • 通讯作者: 李颖晖 E-mail:liyinghui66@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家"973"计划(2015CB755805)

Flight safety envelope determination and maneuvering coping strategy for icing aircraft during landing phase

ZHOU Chi, LI Yinghui, ZHENG Wuji, WU Pengwei, DONG Zehong   

  1. Aeronautics Engineering College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710038, China
  • Received:2018-03-26 Revised:2018-04-20 Online:2018-12-15 Published:2018-06-01
  • Supported by:
    National Basic Research Program of China (2015CB755805)

摘要: 结冰会导致飞行安全包线收缩、严重威胁飞行安全,研究结冰后安全包线变化对于操纵应对策略设计及提高飞行安全具有重要意义。以美国国家航空航天局(NASA)的项目飞机GTM(Generic Transport Model)为研究对象,通过对飞机的气动参数进行多项式拟合,建立了结冰飞机纵向通道的动力学模型。为了得到能随结冰程度变化的安全包线,将可达性分析理论引入到对结冰飞机着陆过程的安全性分析。提出将正向可达集与反向可达集的交集作为飞行安全包线,其中可达集的确定是基于水平集方法求解哈密尔顿-雅克比方程的最优解。最后针对不同程度的结冰条件进行了操纵时域验证,并提出了相应的操纵控制策略。研究结果表明,轻度结冰对安全包线影响较小,整个着陆过程的飞行状态始终能在最优控制指导下保持在安全包线以内;但对于重度结冰,飞行安全包线收缩严重,常规操纵已经很难使飞机达到着陆要求,需要进行飞行状态改出处理。研究结果为指导飞行操纵及实时包线保护打下基础。

关键词: 飞行安全包线, 结冰飞机, 水平集方法, 哈密尔顿-雅克比方程, 飞行操纵

Abstract: Icing will lead to shrinkage of flight safety envelope and thus a serious threat to flight safety. The study on the changes of flight safety envelope after icing is of great significance for designing maneuvering coping strategy and improving flight safety. In this paper, a dynamic model for the longitudinal channel of the iced NASA Generic Transport Model(GTM) is established based on polynomial fitting of the aerodynamic parameters of the icing aircraft. To obtain the safety envelope that can vary with the degree of icing, the reachability analysis theory is applied to the safety analysis of the icing aircraft during the landing phase. The intersection of the forward reachable set and backward reachable set is proposed as the flight safety envelope. The reachable set is obtained via computing the optimal solution for the Hamilton-Jacobi partial differential equation via the level set method. Finally, the time domain verification is carried out for different degrees of icing conditions, and the corresponding maneuvering coping strategies are proposed. The results show that mild icing condition has little effect on the safety envelope, and the flight state can be maintained within the safety envelope all the time under the guidance of the optimal control during the landing phase. However, for the severe icing condition, the safety envelope shrinks severely and regular manipulation cannot meet the landing requirements. At this time, the behavior of the aircraft should be changed. The research results lay the foundation for flight control and real-time envelope protection.

Key words: flight safety envelope, icing aircraft, level set method, Hamilton-Jacobi equation, flight manipulation

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