航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (15): 528750-528750   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28750

液氧煤油并行加注安全性试验论证

晏政1(), 薄兵2, 罗天培3, 朱良平1, 常祥威1   

  1. 1.西昌卫星发射中心,西昌  615000
    2.中国科学技术大学 火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥  230026
    3.北京航天试验技术研究所,北京  100074
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-28 修回日期:2023-04-11 接受日期:2023-05-04 出版日期:2023-08-15 发布日期:2023-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 晏政 E-mail:yznudt@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    省部级项目

Safety experimental demonstration of propellant parallel loading for LOX/kerosene rocket

Zheng YAN1(), Bing BO2, Tianpei LUO3, Liangping ZHU1, Xiangwei CHANG1   

  1. 1.Xichang Satellite Launch Center,Xichang  615000,China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Fire Science,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei  230026,China
    3.Beijing Institute of Aerospace Testing Technology,Beijing  100074,China
  • Received:2023-03-28 Revised:2023-04-11 Accepted:2023-05-04 Online:2023-08-15 Published:2023-05-18
  • Contact: Zheng YAN E-mail:yznudt@qq.com
  • Supported by:
    Provincial and Ministerial Level Project

摘要:

液氧(LOX)煤油因推力大、密度比冲高、经济性好,是目前主流的液体火箭推进剂组合。但目前仍广泛采用的串行加注流程存在加注发射流程长、煤油加注后温升显著等不足。为实现液氧煤油并行加注的工程应用,通过氧气煤油封闭试验、液氧煤油泄漏试验和安全边界试验迭代开展了安全性试验论证。结果表明液氧煤油并行加注的安全性控制指标为煤油蒸气浓度小于1.80%,可通过控制煤油温度低于62.2 ℃或蒸气温度低于41.8 ℃实现。对发射场液氧煤油的典型泄漏工况,即使在气温为40.0 ℃、密闭等极端环境条件下煤油蒸气最大浓度仅为0.53%,因此并行加注仍是绝对安全的。研究成果已在某中型液氧煤油运载火箭2022年以来的发射服务中应用,实现了加注流程优化64%,发射日流程优化33%。

关键词: 液氧煤油火箭, 推进剂加注, 试验论证, 安全性指标, 发射流程

Abstract:

Liquid Oxygen (LOX)/kerosene is currently the mainstream liquid rocket propellant combination because of its high thrust, high density specific impulse, and low cost. However, the propellant serial loading procedure is still widely used at present, with the shortcomings such as tediously long countdown timeline, and significant temperature rise of kerosene after loading. For engineering application of LOX/kerosene parallel loading, safety experimental demonstration was conducted iteratively through oxygen/kerosene sealing experiments, LOX/kerosene leakage experiments, and safety boundary experiments. The results show that the safety indicators of LOX/kerosene parallel loading are that the kerosene vapor concentration is less than 1.80%, which can be achieved by controlling the kerosene temperature to be less than 62.2 ℃ or the vapor temperature to be less than 41.8 ℃. Under the typical condition of leakage at the launch complex, even under extreme environmental conditions such as 40 ℃ temperature and airtightness, the maximum concentration of kerosene vapor is only 0.53%, hence LOX/kerosene parallel loading is still absolutely safe. The research results have been applied in the launch service of a medium LOX/kerosene launch vehicle since 2022, decreasing the propellant loading procedure by 64% and the countdown procedure by 33%.

Key words: LOX/kerosene rocket, propellant loading, experimental demonstration, safety indicator, countdown procedure

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