航空学报 > 2023, Vol. 44 Issue (7): 227250-227250   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27250

基于超声能量衰减的螺栓轴向应力测量

陈平(), 叶霞, 刘华强, 胡义亮, 余鑫   

  1. 重庆大学 机械与运载工程学院,重庆 400044
  • 收稿日期:2022-04-07 修回日期:2022-07-14 接受日期:2022-08-02 出版日期:2023-04-15 发布日期:2022-08-17
  • 通讯作者: 陈平 E-mail:pingchen@cqu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2019YFB1703600)

Axial stress measurement of bolts based on ultrasonic energy attenuation

Ping CHEN(), Xia YE, Huaqiang LIU, Yiliang HU, Xin YU   

  1. College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China
  • Received:2022-04-07 Revised:2022-07-14 Accepted:2022-08-02 Online:2023-04-15 Published:2022-08-17
  • Contact: Ping CHEN E-mail:pingchen@cqu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Plan(2019YFB1703600)

摘要:

针对现存方法难以精确测量高强度航空螺栓轴向应力,提出一种使用超声信号能量衰减的螺栓轴向应力测量方法。首先,基于受载多晶体金属散射衰减理论,推导了瑞利散射范围内考虑内应力的体心立方晶系材料超声波衰减系数。然后,针对高频超声相干性差以及信号中存在柱面导波等问题,采用信号多次回波频谱能量衰减表征航空螺栓轴向应力并推导了相关理论模型,提出了考虑螺栓夹紧长度的能量衰减法标定公式。最后,搭建了螺栓轴向应力超声测量平台,对比了能量衰减法和声时差法的测量结果,证明了能量衰减法更适合于航空螺栓等高强度螺栓的轴向应力测量。

关键词: 高强度航空螺栓, 超声能量衰减, 超声散射, 频谱能量, 螺栓轴向应力

Abstract:

Aiming at the difficulty of the existing methods in accurately measuring the axial stress of high strength aviation bolts, we propose a new method to measure the axial stress of bolts using ultrasonic energy attenuation. Firstly, based on the scattering attenuation theory of loaded polycrystalline metals, the ultrasonic attenuation coefficients of body-centered cubic crystal system materials considering internal stress in the Rayleigh scattering range are derived. Then, to address the problems of poor high-frequency ultrasonic coherence and the existence of cylindrical guided waves in the signal, we characterize the axial stress of the aviation bolt by spectrum energy attenuation of multiple signal echoes, derive the relevant theoretical model, and propose the calibration formula of the energy attenuation method considering the bolt clamping length. Finally, an ultrasonic measuring platform for axial stress of bolts is built. Comparison of the measurement results of the energy attenuation method with those of the time of flight method shows that the energy attenuation method is more suitable for axial stress measurement of high strength bolts such as aviation bolts.

Key words: high strength aviation bolt, ultrasonic energy attenuation, ultrasonic scattering, spectrum energy, axial stress of bolt

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