ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA >
Overall performance optimization method of adaptive cycle propulsion system
Received date: 2024-07-23
Revised date: 2024-08-20
Accepted date: 2024-09-23
Online published: 2024-10-11
Supported by
National Level Project
Adaptive cycle engine possesses strong airflow adjustment capability， which can decrease inlet outflow drag and improve propulsion system performance by remaining airflow. And realizing the promotion on propulsion system performance is closely related to integrated optimization and design between engine and inlet/exhaust system. However， in early stages of engine overall scheme demonstration， optimization design is often carried out on the engine itself， neglecting the impact of the inlet/exhaust system on the engine’s matching condition. And the consistency of optimal conditions between propulsion system and engine is hard to be ensured， which determines model complexity and optimization priority during design process. Based on these problems， research on overall performance optimization method of propulsion system is carried out and adaptive cycle engine that has multiple control variables and working modes is taken as research object. Firstly， overall performance calculation model and installation performance calculation model of adaptive cycle engine are established. Secondly， the impact of key design parameters on installation loss of inlet/exhaust system and installation performance estimation are developed by using different configurations of inlets and nozzles. The optimal configurations and suitable parameters of inlets and nozzles are chosen. Finally， optimization method of propulsion system overall performance based on random search algorithm and regression analysis is developed. And two fast optimization methods to gain propulsion system performance are established： one is optimizing engine performance and then calculating installation performance， the other is directly optimizing installation performance. The comparisons of optimal performance between two optimization methods are conducted in the cruise throttling conditions and velocity-altitude characteristic conditions. By regression fitting precision analysis and coincidence comparison of optimal throttling characteristics in cruise conditions and maximum thrust characteristics in different velocities and altitudes， the maximum root mean square error is about 0.01 in cruise conditions， and 0 in velocity-altitude characteristic conditions， which means that optimal working conditions of engine can represent optimal working conditions of propulsion system. Therefore， during the scheme demonstration stage， it is unnecessary to consider the effect on inlet/exhaust system to ensure the optimality of the propulsion system， greatly simplifying the model complexity of the scheme design. This design method is suitable for different configurations of adaptive cycle engines to conduct fast optimization design of propulsion system performance， which has strong engineering guidance significance and application value.
Yihao XU , Pengcheng DONG , Junchao ZHENG , Chunqing TAN , Hailong TANG . Overall performance optimization method of adaptive cycle propulsion system[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2025 , 46(7) : 130987 -130987 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.30987
| 1 | 陈大光， 张津. 飞机-发动机性能匹配与优化［M］. 北京： 北京航空航天大学出版社， 1990. |
| CHEN D G， ZHANG J. Aircraft-engine performance matching and optimization［M］. Beijing： Beihang University Press， 1990 （in Chinese）. | |
| 2 | ALLAN R. General Electric Company variable cycle engine technology demonstrator programs［C］∥Proceedings of the 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston： AIAA， 1979. |
| 3 | 陈敏， 张纪元， 唐海龙， 等. 自适应循环发动机总体设计技术探讨［J］. 航空动力学报， 2022， 37（10）： 2046-2058. |
| CHEN M， ZHANG J Y， TANG H L， et al. Discussion on overall performance design technology of adaptive cycle engine［J］. Journal of Aerospace Power， 2022， 37（10）： 2046-2058 （in Chinese）. | |
| 4 | CHEN M， ZHANG J Y， TANG H L. Performance analysis of a three-stream adaptive cycle engine during throttling［J］. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering， 2018， 2018： 9237907. |
| 5 | General Electric Company. XA100 adaptive cycle engine： A new era of combat propulsion ［EB/OL］. （2024-02-02） ［2024-07-23］. . |
| 6 | ZHENG J C， CHEN M， TANG H L. Matching mechanism analysis on an adaptive cycle engine［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2017， 30（2）： 706-718. |
| 7 | MENG X， ZHU Z L， CHEN M， et al. A matching problem between the front fan and aft fan stages in adaptive cycle engines with convertible fan systems［J］. Energies， 2021， 14（4）： 840. |
| 8 | ZHENG J C， TANG H L， CHEN M， et al. Equilibrium running principle analysis on an adaptive cycle engine［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2018， 132： 393-409. |
| 9 | 李斌， 陈敏， 朱之丽， 等. 自适应循环发动机不同工作模式稳态特性研究［J］. 推进技术， 2013， 34（8）： 1009-1015. |
| LI B， CHEN M， ZHU Z L， et al. Steady performance investigation on various modes of an adaptive cycle aero-engine［J］. Journal of Propulsion Technology， 2013， 34（8）： 1009-1015 （in Chinese）. | |
| 10 | 郑俊超， 唐海龙， 陈敏， 等. 自适应循环发动机典型工况不同工作模式性能对比研究［J］. 工程热物理学报， 2022， 43（7）： 1743-1750. |
| ZHENG J C， TANG H L， CHEN M， et al. Operating modes performance comparison research in typical working conditions on an adaptive cycle engine［J］. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics， 2022， 43（7）： 1743-1750 （in Chinese）. | |
| 11 | GR?NSTEDT U T J， PILIDIS P. Control optimization of the transient performance of the selective bleed variable cycle engine during mode transition［J］. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power， 2002， 124（1）： 75-81. |
| 12 | 郑俊超， 罗艺伟， 唐海龙， 等. 自适应循环发动机模式转换过渡态控制规律设计方法研究［J］. 推进技术， 2022， 43（11）： 210607. |
| ZHENG J C， LUO Y W， TANG H L， et al. Design method research of mode switch transient control schedule on adaptive cycle engine［J］. Journal of Propulsion Technology， 2022， 43（11）： 210607 （in Chinese）. | |
| 13 | XU Y H， TANG H L， CHEN M. Design method of optimal control schedule for the adaptive cycle engine steady-state performance［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2022， 35（4）： 148-164. |
| 14 | LYU Y， TANG H L， CHEN M. A study on combined variable geometries regulation of adaptive cycle engine during throttling［J］. Applied Sciences， 2016， 6（12）： 374. |
| 15 | ZHENG J C， TANG H L， CHEN M. Optimal matching control schedule research on an energy system［J］. Energy Procedia， 2019， 158： 1685-1693. |
| 16 | 韩佳， 王靖凯， 梁彩云， 等. 三外涵变循环发动机推力性能优化计算及分析［J］. 航空动力学报， 2018， 33（2）： 338-344. |
| HAN J， WANG J K， LIANG C Y， et al. Thrust performance optimization calculation and analysis of triple bypass variable cycle engine［J］. Journal of Aerospace Power， 2018， 33（2）： 338-344 （in Chinese）. | |
| 17 | 杨宇飞. 自适应循环发动机建模及控制规律研究［D］. 南京： 南京航空航天大学， 2017. |
| YANG Y F. Research on modeling and control law of adaptive cycle engine［D］. Nanjing： Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2017 （in Chinese）. | |
| 18 | JIA L Y， CHEN Y C， CHENG R H， et al. Designing method of acceleration and deceleration control schedule for variable cycle engine［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2021， 34（5）： 27-38. |
| 19 | 周红. 变循环发动机特性分析及其与飞机一体化设计研究［D］. 西安： 西北工业大学， 2016. |
| ZHOU H. Investigation on the variable cycle engine characteristics and integration design with aircraft［D］. Xi’an： Northwestern Polytechnical University， 2016 （in Chinese）. | |
| 20 | 马松， 谭建国， 王光豪， 等. 基于飞发一体化的自适应循环发动机参数优化研究［J］. 推进技术， 2018， 39（8）： 1703-1711. |
| MA S， TAN J G， WANG G H， et al. Study on characteristics optimization of adaptive cycle engine based on aircraft-engine integrated analysis［J］. Journal of Propulsion Technology， 2018， 39（8）： 1703-1711 （in Chinese）. | |
| 21 | 王一凡， 陈浩颖， 张海波. 面向巡航任务的自适应循环发动机进/发匹配［J］. 航空学报， 2024， 45（2）： 128637. |
| WANG Y F， CHEN H Y， ZHANG H B. Inlet/engine matching of adaptive cycle engine for cruise mission［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2024， 45（2）： 128637 （in Chinese）. | |
| 22 | 许哲文， 唐海龙， 陈敏， 等. 基于混合维度仿真的自适应循环发动机引射喷管安装性能研究［J］. 推进技术， 2023， 44（9）： 2207083. |
| XU Z W， TANG H L， CHEN M， et al. Installed performance of adaptive cycle engine ejector nozzle based on multi-fidelity simulation［J］. Journal of Propulsion Technology， 2023， 44（9）： 2207083 （in Chinese）. | |
| 23 | RICHEY G K， SURBER L E， BERRIER B L. Airframe-propulsion integration for fighter aircraft［C］∥Proceedings of the 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. Reston： AIAA， 1983. |
| 24 | HALE A L， DAVIS M， SIRBAUGH J. A numerical simulation capability for analysis of aircraft inlet-engine compatibility?［J］. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power， 2006， 128（3）： 473-481. |
| 25 | BEALE D， COLLIER M S. Validation of a free-jet technique for evaluating inlet-engine compatibility［C］∥Proceedings of the 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston： AIAA， 1989. |
| 26 | ANDERSON J. Airframe/propulsion integration of supersonic cruise vehicles［C］∥Proceedings of the 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston： AIAA， 1990. |
| 27 | WILSON J， WRIGHT B. Airframe/engine integration with variable cycle engines［C］∥Proceedings of the 13th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston： AIAA， 1977. |
| 28 | MACE J， NYBERG G. Fighter airframe/propulsion integration-A McDonnell aircraft perspective［C］∥Proceedings of the 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston： AIAA， 1992. |
| 29 | MISHLER R， WILKINSON T. Emerging airframe/propulsion integration technologies at General Electric［C］∥Proceedings of the 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston： AIAA， 1992. |
| 30 | 王海峰. 战斗机推力矢量关键技术及应用展望［J］. 航空学报， 2020， 41（6）： 524057. |
| WANG H F. Key technologies and future applications of thrust vectoring on fighter aircraft［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2020， 41（6）： 524057 （in Chinese）. | |
| 31 | 金捷. 美国推进系统数值仿真（NPSS）计划综述［J］. 燃气涡轮试验与研究， 2003， 16（1）： 57-62. |
| JIN J. A summary of numerical propulsion simulation system（NPSS）by NASA［J］. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research， 2003， 16（1）： 57-62 （in Chinese）. | |
| 32 | CURLETT B P， FELDER J. Object-oriented approach for gas turbine engine simulation： NASA-TM-106970［R］. Washington， D.C.： NASA， 1995. |
| 33 | 朱之丽. 航空燃气涡轮发动机工作原理及性能［M］. 上海： 上海交通大学出版社， 2014. |
| ZHU Z L. Working principle and performance of aircraft gas turbine engines［M］. Shanghai： Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press， 2014 （in Chinese）. | |
| 34 | DAS S， SUGANTHAN P N. Differential evolution： A survey of the state-of-the-art［J］. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation， 2011， 15（1）： 4-31. |
| 35 | STORN R， PRICE K. Differential evolution-A simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces［J］. Journal of Global Optimization， 1997， 11（4）： 341-359. |
| 36 | KOWALSKI E J， ATKINS R A. A computer code for estimating installed performance of aircraft gas turbine engines Vol.Ⅲ-library of inlet/nozzle configurations and performance maps： NASA-CR-159693［R］. Washington， D.C.： NASA， 1979. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA