ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA >
Effect of stiffness and wingtip shape on aerodynamic lift and efficiency of flapping wing rotors
Received date: 2022-07-08
Revised date: 2022-08-30
Accepted date: 2022-10-25
Online published: 2022-11-04
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(11972079)
The influence of stiffness distribution and shape of a Flapping Wing Rotor （FWR） on aerodynamic lift and efficiency is significantly different from that of the traditional insect like Flapping Wing （FW） in vertical take-off and landing and hovering. An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effect of stiffness and wingtip shape of the FWR on its aerodynamic lift and efficiency in hovering. Based on a conventional rectangular shape， 12 wing test samples with different structural configurations and wingtip sweep angles were made， and were compared with a sample of dragonfly-like wing shape. Effect of spanwise and chordwise stiffness， wing tip stiffness and wing tip shape on motion， aerodynamic lift and efficiency of flapping wing rotor measured and analyzed through experimental tests. The test results show that chordwise stiffness and wingtip shape have significant effect on the FWR motion. An optimal spanwise and chordwise stiffness distribution to support the membrane skin and a dragonfly-like wingtip shape can increase the FWR aerodynamic lift and efficiency significantly. An FWR test model of 30.1 g was used in the study as an example. With an input voltage of 3.4 V， the test sample that was finally evolved into an optimal bionic wing produced an average lift （49.6 g）， which is 74% higher than the original rectangular wing， and the lift efficiency is increased from 3.5 g/W to 5.9 g/W. This research is of great significance to improving the aerodynamic performance of FWR-MAVs.
Yuanyuan HE , Hang ZHANG , Qichen WANG , Xuan YANG . Effect of stiffness and wingtip shape on aerodynamic lift and efficiency of flapping wing rotors[J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2023 , 44(12) : 127779 -127779 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2022.27779
| 1 | JONES K D， BRADSHAW C J， PAPADOPOULOS J， et al. Bio-inspired design of flapping-wing micro air vehicles［J］. The Aeronautical Journal， 2005， 109（1098）： 385-393. |
| 2 | DE CROON G C H E， DE CLERCQ K M E， RUIJSINK R， et al. Design， aerodynamics， and vision-based control of the DelFly ［J］. International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles， 2009， 1（2）： 71-97. |
| 3 | PHAN H V， PARK H C. Insect-inspired， tailless， hover-capable flapping-wing robots： Recent progress， challenges， and future directions［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2019， 111： 100573. |
| 4 | SHYY W， AONO H， CHIMAKURTHI S K， et al. Recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity［J］. Progress in Aerospace Sciences， 2010， 46（7）： 284-327. |
| 5 | MISHRA S， TRIPATHI B， GARG S， et al. Design and development of a bio-inspired flapping wing type micro air vehicle［J］. Procedia Materials Science， 2015， 10： 519-526. |
| 6 | YANG L J， FENG A L， LEE H C， et al. The three-dimensional flow simulation of a flapping wing［J］. Journal of Marine Science and Technology， 2018， 26（3）： 2. |
| 7 | HU H， KUMAR A G， ABATE G， et al. An experimental investigation on the aerodynamic performances of flexible membrane wings in flapping flight［J］. Aerospace Science and Technology， 2010， 14（8）： 575-586. |
| 8 | KARáSEK M， MUIJRES F T， DE WAGTER C， et al. A tailless aerial robotic flapper reveals that flies use torque coupling in rapid banked turns［J］. Science， 2018， 361（6407）： 1089-1094. |
| 9 | WU J H， ZHOU C. Review on aerodynamics of bionic micro air vehicle in hovering flight［J］. Acta Aerodynamica Sinica， 2018， 36（1）： 64-79. |
| 10 | GUO S J， LI D C， MATTEO N， et al. Design， experiment and aerodynamic calculation of a flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle［C］∥52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures， Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston： AIAA， 2011. |
| 11 | WU J H， ZHOU C， ZHANG Y L. Aerodynamic power efficiency comparison of various micro-air-vehicle layouts in hovering flight［J］. AIAA Journal， 2017， 55（4）： 1265-1278. |
| 12 | 周超， 吴江浩. 微型扑旋翼飞行器悬停的空气动力学研究［J］. 无人系统技术， 2018， 1（4）： 33-42. |
| ZHOU C， WU J H. Aerodynamics of micro flapping rotary wings in hovering flight［J］. Unmanned Systems Technology， 2018， 1（4）： 33-42 （in Chinese）. | |
| 13 | 谢浩然， 贺媛媛， 陶志坚. 扑旋翼飞行器气动特性分析及机翼拓扑优化设计［J］. 南京航空航天大学学报， 2020， 52（2）： 280-287. |
| XIE H R， HE Y Y， TAO Z J. Aerodynamic characteristics analysis and topology optimization design of wing of flapping rotorcraft［J］. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics， 2020， 52（2）： 280-287 （in Chinese）. | |
| 14 | CHEN S， WANG L， HE Y Y， et al. Aerodynamic performance of a flyable flapping wing rotor with passive pitching angle variation［J］. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics， 2022， 69（9）： 9176-9184. |
| 15 | 余春锦， 昂海松. 柔性膜微型扑翼飞行器气动力的数值研究［J］. 中国科学技术大学学报， 2009， 39（12）： 1305-1310. |
| YU C J， ANG H S. Numerical study of aerodynamics for flexible membrane flapping-wing MAV［J］. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China， 2009， 39（12）： 1305-1310 （in Chinese）. | |
| 16 | DU G， SUN M. Effects of wing deformation on aerodynamic forces in hovering hoverflies［J］. The Journal of Experimental Biology， 2010， 213（Pt 13）： 2273-2283. |
| 17 | HEATHCOTE S， WANG Z， GURSUL I. Effect of spanwise flexibility on flapping wing propulsion［J］. Journal of Fluids and Structures， 2008， 24（2）： 183-199. |
| 18 | 高强， 徐江荣， 王关晴. 柔性扑翼弦向形变气动特性的数值研究［J］. 杭州电子科技大学学报（自然科学版）， 2017， 37（6）： 86-90. |
| GAO Q， XU J R， WANG G Q. Numerical simulation of the flapping wing with chordwise flexibility on the aerodynamic characteristics［J］. Journal of Hangzhou Dianzi University （Natural Sciences）， 2017， 37（6）： 86-90 （in Chinese）. | |
| 19 | LIN C S， HWU C， YOUNG W B. The thrust and lift of an ornithopter’s membrane wings with simple flapping motion［J］. Aerospace Science and Technology， 2006， 10（2）： 111-119. |
| 20 | NAN Y H， KARáSEK M， LALAMI M E， et al. Experimental optimization of wing shape for a hummingbird-like flapping wing micro air vehicle［J］. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics， 2017， 12（2）： 026010. |
| 21 | ZHOU C， ZHANG Y L， WU J H. Effect of flexibility on unsteady aerodynamics forces of a purely plunging airfoil［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2020， 33（1）： 88-101. |
| 22 | FAIRUZ Z M， ABDULLAH M Z， ZUBAIR M， et al. Effect of wing deformation on the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings： Fluid-structure interaction approach［J］. Journal of Aerospace Engineering， 2016， 29（4）： 4016006. |
| 23 | LI H， GUO S. Aerodynamic efficiency of a bioinspired flapping wing rotor at low Reynolds number［J］. Royal Society Open Science， 2018， 5（3）： 171307. |
| 24 | GUO S， LI H， ZHOU C， et al. Analysis and experiment of a bio-inspired flyable micro flapping wing rotor［J］. Aerospace Science and Technology， 2018， 79： 506-517. |
| 25 | 苏醒. 微型扑旋翼飞行器设计与试验［D］. 北京： 北京理工大学， 2017： 64-74. |
| SU X. The design and experiment of micro flapping wing rotor［D］. Beijing： Beijing Institute of Technology， 2017： 64-74 （in Chinese）. | |
| 26 | DONG X， LI D C， XIANG J W， et al. Design and experimental study of a new flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle［J］. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics， 2020， 33（12）： 3092-3099. |
| 27 | SUN Y， LI D C， JIANG J Q， et al. Design and experimental study of a new flapping wing rotor micro aerial vehicle［C］∥2017 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems （ICUS）. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2018： 29-33. |
| 28 | CHEN S， WANG L， GUO S， et al. A bio-inspired flapping wing rotor of variant frequency driven by ultrasonic motor［J］. Applied Sciences， 2020， 10： 412. |
| 29 | 茹伟伟. 蜻蜓仿生翼设计及气动特性研究［D］. 长春： 长春工业大学， 2022. |
| RU W W. Design of dragonfly-like wing and research on its aerodynamic characteristics［D］. Changchun： Changchun University of Technology， 2022 （in Chinese）. | |
| 30 | 韩慧. 基于刚度相似性的扑翼结构设计与实验研究［D］. 北京： 北京理工大学， 2022： 22-30. |
| HAN H. Design and experimental study of flapping wing structure based on stiffness similarity ［D］. Beijing： Beijing Institute of Technology， 2022： 22-30 （in Chinese）. | |
| 31 | CHEN L， ZHANG Y L， WU J H. Study on lift enhancement of a flapping rotary wing by a bore-hole design［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part G： Journal of Aerospace Engineering， 2018， 232（7）： 1315-1333. |
| 32 | XIE C M， HUANG W X. Vortex interactions between forewing and hindwing of dragonfly in hovering flight［J］. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters， 2015， 5（1）： 24-29. |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA