复合材料飞机电气结构网络系统电气特性分析

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.31685

Abstract

Abstract:

The high resistivity of composite materials affects the original conductive path of the aircraft. To ensure the normal operation of the aircraft electrical system， it is necessary to construct a composite aircraft electrical structure network system model to explore its electrical characteristics. Firstly， to address the calculation of the electrical characteristics of the electrical structure network under electromagnetic field， the finite element method and the stable double conjugate gradient method are adopted to jointly construct the electrical structure network system model， achieving a computational consumption reduction of 63.92% compared to Partial Element Equivalent Circuit （PEEC） method. Secondly， by exploring the combination of multi-type excitation sources/multi-area access points， the multi-dimensional electrical results and performance impacts， such as area impedance characteristics， potential distribution profiles， and current density vectors， are analyzed. By constructing and measuring the physical model， the difference between the measured and simulated results is analyzed， and the compliance with the airworthiness regulation HB 6129 is verified. Finally， based on the actual working condition perspective and airworthiness regulation， contact factor system error analysis， refined ideal model analysis and component stress factor analysis of the system model are conducted. The obtained results and analyses are of great significance for the construction of electrical structure network of composite/electric aircraft.

Key words: composite aircraft, electrical structure network, electrical characteristics analysis, contact resistance, Biconjugate Gradient Stabilized Method (BICGSTAB)

CLC Number:

V261.97

Zhangang YANG, Yuhao WEI, Juan YANG. Electrical characteristics analysis of composite aircraft electrical structure network system[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(16): 331685.

Figures/Tables 22

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 2

Table 3

Fig.7

Fig.8

Table 4

Fig.9

Fig.10

Fig.11

Fig.12

Table 5

Fig.13

Fig.14

Fig.15

Fig.16

Fig.17

References 38

[1]	YUE X D， AN L L， YE X， et al. Effect of gap and shims on the strain and stress state of the composite-aluminum hybrid bolted structure［J］. International Journal of Aerospace Engineering，（2020-12-09）［2024-12-19］. .
[2]	ZHANG J， LIN G， VAIDYA U， et al. Past， present and future prospective of global carbon fibre composite developments and applications［J］. Composites Part B： Engineering，（2023-02-01）［2024-12-19］. .
[3]	CORVELEYN S， LACHAUD F， BERTHET F， et al. Long-term creep behavior of a short carbon fiber-reinforced PEEK at high temperature： Experimental and modeling approach‍［J］. Composite Structures， 2022， 290： 115485.
[4]	GEBREHIWET L， ABATE E， NEGUSSIE Y， et al. Application of composite materials in aerospace & automotive industry： Review［J］. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management， 2023， 5（3）： 697-723.
[5]	PERRAUD R， URREA O， PELEGRIN T， et al. Installation of metallic strip on CRFP frames： Assessment of IS13 mechanical and electrical performance［M］∥Smart Intelligent Aircraft Structures （SARISTU）. Cham： Springer International Publishing， 2015： 959-968.
[6]	GAO R X K， LEE H M， EWE W B， et al. Electromagnetic characterization and measurement of conductive aircraft CFRP composite for lightning protection and EMI shielding［J］. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement， 2023， 72： 1-11.
[7]	ZHAO T， CHEN Y， XU W， et al. Research on multi-physical field simulation modeling of nacelle CFRP-metal structure by lightning strike‍［C］‍∥2023 6th International Conference on Energy， Electrical and Power Engineering. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2023： 211-219.
[8]	GUTIERREZ G G， MATEOS ROMERO D， CABELLO M R， et al. On the design of aircraft electrical structure networks［J］. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility， 2016， 58（2）： 401-408.
[9]	陈晋吉. 飞机电磁兼容预测仿真研究［D］. 西安：西安电子科技大学， 2013.
	CHEN J J. Simulation study on electromagnetic compatibility prediction of aircrafts［D］. Xi’an： Xidian University， 2013 （in Chinese）.
[10]	缪星星. 机舱内电子设备与通信导航系统间的电磁兼容性研究［D］. 南京：南京航空航天大学， 2012.
	MIAO X X. Investigation of electromagnetic compatibility between PEDs and navigation and communication systems［D］. Nanjing： Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics， 2012 （in Chinese）.
[11]	马凯. 轻型飞机电气系统及电磁防护方案设计［D］. 重庆：重庆大学， 2020.
	MA K. Design of light aircraft electrical system and electromagnetic protection scheme‍［D］. Chongqing： Chongqing University， 2020 （in Chinese）.
[12]	石旭东，卜兆文，隋政，等.基于线模型的复合材料飞机接地网建模与仿真［J］. 科学技术与工程， 2020， 20（15）： 6273-6278.
	SHI X D， BU Z W， SUI Z， et al. Modeling and simulation of composite aircraft grounding grid based on wire model［J］. Science Technology and Engineering， 2020， 20（15）： 6273-6278 （in Chinese）.
[13]	REVEL I， PICHE A， PERES G， et al. Modeling strategy for functional current return in large CFRP structures for aircraft applications‍［C］‍∥2008 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility-EMC Europe. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2008.
[14]	卜兆文. 复合材料飞机接地网电流分布与闪电防护仿真［D］. 天津：中国民航大学， 2020.
	BU Z W. Simulation of current distribution and lightning protection in composite aircraft grounding grid［D］. Tianjin： Civil Aviation University of China， 2020 （in Chinese）.
[15]	GOLEANU A L， DUNAND M， GUICHON J M， et al. Towards the conception and optimisation of the current return path in a composite aircraft‍［C］‍∥2010 IEEE International Systems Conference. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2010： 466-471.
[16]	PICHE A， PERRAUD R， LOCHOT C. Modeling of large avionic structures in electrical network simulations［C］‍∥2012 ESA Workshop on Aerospace EMC. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2012.
[17]	BANDINELLI M， MORI A， BERCIGLI M， et al. A surface PEEC formulation for the analysis of electrical networks in airplanes‍［C］‍∥2013 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2013： 694-700.
[18]	BANDINELLI M， MORI A， GALGANI G， et al. A surface PEEC formulation for high-fidelity analysis of the current return networks in composite aircrafts［J］. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility， 2015， 57（5）： 1027-1036.
[19]	BANDINELLI M， MORI A， ANTONINI G， et al. Numerical analysis of avionic grounding structures with surface PEEC formulation［C］∥2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2015.
[20]	黄振庭. 客机舱门机构参数优化设计［D］. 北京：清华大学， 2011.
	HUANG Z T. Parameter optimization of hatch mechanism for airliner［D］. Beijing： Tsinghua University， 2011 （in Chinese）.
[21]	樊茂华. 复合材料层合板在火灾环境下的热响应研究［D］. 天津：中国民航大学， 2019.
	FAN M H. Research on thermal response of composite laminates in fire［D］. Tianjin： Civil Aviation University of China， 2019 （in Chinese）.
[22]	张起浩. 复合材料飞机雷电间接效应电磁屏蔽及影响因素分析［D］. 天津：中国民航大学， 2022.
	ZHANG Q H. Analysis of electromagnetic shielding and influencing factors of composite aircraft lightning indirect effects［D］. Tianjin： Civil Aviation University of China， 2022 （in Chinese）.
[23]	AXENOV V， TARASOV I， SHEVTSOV S， et al. Optimal cure control synthesis for FEM model of aircraft composite part with CAD imported geometry［C］∥2017 International Conference on Mechanical， System and Control Engineering. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2017： 6-10.
[24]	DONG Z W， YAN L， SU H. Modal analysis of an external rotor machine for electric propulsion aircraft［C］‍∥2022 IEEE 17th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2022： 1658-1662.
[25]	解江，牟浩蕾，冯振宇，等. 大飞机典型货舱下部结构冲击试验及数值模拟［J］. 航空学报， 2022， 43（6）： 525890.
	XIE J， MOU H L， FENG Z Y， et al. Impact characteristics of typical sub-cargo structure of large aircraft： Tests and numerical simulation［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2022， 43（6）： 525890 （in Chinese）.
[26]	LYU G T， TERAO Y， OHSAKI H. Magnetic field simulation of HTS cable based on flight mission profile by finite element method‍［C］‍∥2023 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2023： 4837-4841.
[27]	MORI T， SUZUKI Y， TAKI M. A matrix form representation of 3-D impedance method for calculations of induced electric fields and currents［C］∥2016 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2016.
[28]	YETKIN E F， CEYLAN O. Recycling Newton-Krylov algorithm for efficient solution of large scale power systems［J］. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems， 2023， 144： 108559.
[29]	刘丽娜，朱峰，徐常伟，等. 理想导体边界条件截断对称结构计算空间的FDTD实现［J］. 光电工程， 2013， 40（11）： 56-61.
	LIU L N， ZHU F， XU C W， et al. Implementation of perfect conductor boundary condition for FDTD method truncated with calculation domain of symmetric structures［J］. Opto-Electronic Engineering， 2013， 40（11）： 56-61 （in Chinese）.
[30]	JIN J M. The finite element method in electromagnetics［M］. Wiley-IEEE Press， 2014.
[31]	LEE J F， LEE R， CANGELLARIS A. Time-domain finite-element methods［J］. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation， 1997， 45（3）： 430-442.
[32]	HAN D F， ZHAO Y W， JI L， et al. Second-order nodal DGTD method for electromagnetic simulation［C］∥2023 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology. Piscataway： IEEE Press， 2023.
[33]	杨占刚，隋政，张起浩，等. 复合材料飞机接地回流网络网内压降分析［J］. 航空学报， 2022， 43（1）： 324859.
	YANG Z G， SUI Z， ZHANG Q H， et al. Voltage drop in composite aircraft grounding and current return network‍［J］. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica， 2022， 43（1）： 324859 （in Chinese）.
[34]	Airbus S. A.S. Airbus A350 aircraft characteristics airport and maintenance planning ［S］. Blagnac： Customer Services， Airbus S.A.S.， 2018： 39-84.
[35]	中国民用航空局. 运输类飞机适航标准： CCAR-25-R4 ［S］.北京：中国民用航空局， 2016： 151.
	Civil Aviation Administration of China. Airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes： CCAR-25-R4 ［S］. Beijing： Civil Aviation Administration of China， 2016： 151 （in Chinese）.
[36]	中华人民共和国工业和信息化部. 民用飞机系统电搭接通用要求：［S］. 北京：中华人民共和国工业和信息化部， 2014： 4.
	Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China. Electrical bonding requirement for civil aircraft systems： ‍［S］. Beijing： Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China， 2014： 4 （in Chinese）.
[37]	PENG H Y， ZHANG D， XIE Z P， et al. Recent advances in structural design of carbon/magnetic composites and their electromagnetic wave absorption applications［J］. Small， 2025， 21（8）： 2408570.
[38]	中华人民共和国航空工业部. 飞机雷电防护要求及试验方法：［S］. 北京：中华人民共和国航空工业部， 1987.
	Ministry of Aviation Industry of the People’s Republic of China. Lightning protection requirements and test methods for aircraft： ‍［S］. Beijing： Ministry of Aviation Industry of the People’s Republic of China， 1987 （in Chinese）.

参数名称	主导电结构		辅助导电结构（线缆）
参数名称	纵向骨架	横向骨架	辅助导电结构（线缆）
材质	铝合金	铝合金	铝合金
电导率/（10⁷ S·m^-1）	3.77	3.77	3.77
截面形状	H形	H形	圆形
截面积/mm²	600	600	19.635
单结构长度/m	10	4	12.607
结构个数	2	11	11

结构参数	结构名称
结构参数	框架	长桁	纵梁	缘条
截面积形状	圆环形	T形	口形	矩形
长度/m	3.141 6	0.002（上端）、0.03（下端）	0.03	0.003
宽度/m	0.008	0.03（上端）、0.003（下端）	0.03	0.028

结构件名称	材质	电导率/（10⁷ S·m^-1）
蒙皮	碳纤维增强基复合材料（CFRP）	0.001 5
框架	铝合金	1.734
长桁	铝合金	1.734
纵梁	铝合金	1.734
缘条	铝合金	1.734

测量区域	不同区域电流密度情况/（10⁵ A·m^-2）
测量区域	接入点组合 1-2	接入点组合 7-17	接入点组合 1-10
接入点1测量点	20.249	1.842 5	22.720
接入点2测量点	18.251	0.720 27	17.980
接入点2后端测量点	1.433 7	1.269 7	7.667 7
接入点5测量点	0.986 21	4.171 4	2.780 9
接入点10测量点	0.191 35	4.029 8	22.392
接入点12测量点	0.174 91	0.945 83	9.025 1
接入点14测量点	0.491 31	1.815 3	2.785 8

Electrical characteristics analysis of composite aircraft electrical structure network system

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 22

References 38

Related Articles 5

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LIU Donghuan, SHANG Xinchun. Effect of Thermal Contact Resistance on the Performance of Heat-pipe-cooled Thermal Protection Structures [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2012, 33(10): 1834-1841.
[2]	WANG Zongren, ZHANG Weifang, TABG Qingyun, LIU Shengwang. Experimental Investigation of Thermal Contact Conductance Across GH4169/GH4169 Interface with Compensation Heater [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2011, 32(10): 1945-1950.
[3]	Liu Donghuan;Zheng Xiaoping;Huang Quanzhang;Yao Fuyin;Liu Yinghua. Experimental Investigation of High-temperature Thermal Contact Resistance Between C/C Composite Material and Superalloy GH600 [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2010, 31(11): 2189-2194.
[4]	ZENG Dong;YAN Ying;LIU Bing-shan;QIAN Wei. Design of Low-Velocity Wing Tunnel Flutter Model of Aircraft Composite Structure [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2006, 27(2): 232-235.
[5]	Shen Zhen;Tang Xiaodong;Chen Puhui. DAMAGE TOLERANCE AND DURABILITY DESIGN OF COMPOSITE AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 1991, 12(12): 620-622.