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Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 531623.doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2024.31623

• Electronics and Electrical Engineering and Control • Previous Articles    

Factor graph optimization based multi-GNSS positioning with robust variance component estimation

Chuang SHI1,2,3, Zhixin WANG1, Hao ZHANG4, Tuan LI4(), Zhipeng WANG1,2,3   

  1. 1.School of Electronics and Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    2.Laboratory of Navigation and Communication Fusion Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beijing 100191,China
    3.State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM,Beijing 100191,China
    4.Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Sciences,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2024-12-06 Revised:2024-12-10 Accepted:2024-12-24 Online:2024-12-31 Published:2024-12-30
  • Contact: Tuan LI E-mail:tuanli@buaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3907302);Beijing Natural Science Foundation(4254104);Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Communication Navigation, Surveillance/Air Traffic Management(2024B21);BIT Research and Innovation Promoting Project(2024YCXY029)

Abstract:

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), multi-GNSS positioning has been shown to provide a more effective solution for accurate localization, benefiting from an increased number of available satellites and improved geo-metric distribution. Recent research indicates that Factor Graph Optimization (FGO) based multi-GNSS positioning outperforms traditional algorithms. However, the refinement of the stochastic model and the adaptive weighting of FGO-based multi-GNSS positioning remain underexplored. We propose a robust Helmert Variance Component Estimation (HVCE) method to further enhance the performance of multi-GNSS positioning in challenging urban scenarios by adaptive weighting for multi-GNSS. Additionally, the robust algorithm IGG-III is applied to improve both the robustness of the HVCE method and the state estimation within the FGO framework. The results of vehicle-borne tests show that compared with the single FGO scheme, the proposed algorithm improves positioning accuracy by 35.4%, 8.7%, and 25.1% in the north, east, and vertical directions, respectively. Overall, the proposed algorithm is validated to be an effective approach to improving multi-GNSS performance in complex urban environments by refining the stochastic model and adaptively weighting the measurements.

Key words: multi-GNSS positioning, Helmert Variance Component Estimation (HVCE), robust algorithm, adaptive weighting, factor graph optimization

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