氢气微混燃烧技术研究现状和未来展望

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28994

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrogen fuel has significant importance in mitigating global climate change and protecting the environment by achieving zero carbon emission in aviation engines， aerospace propulsion engines， and ground gas turbines. However， the application of hydrogen combustion technology still faces many challenges. Hydrogen combustion in traditional burners poses a risk of flashback and high nitrogen oxide （NO _x ） emission. Thus， it requires exploration of new combustion technologies and pollution control measures to satisfy the urgent need of hydrogen energy. Micromix combustion technology implements hundreds of microchannels combined with micro-injection of hydrogen to rapidly mix air and hydrogen to form small-scale flames. The residence time of N₂ in the high-temperature zone is shortened to the level of milliseconds， significantly reducing the production of nitrogen oxide. This paper reviews the application history of hydrogen in gas turbine engines and the progress of hydrogen combustion simulation and experimental studies， summarizes the hydrogen characteristics， NO _x generation mechanism， micromix combustion principle， premixed combustion， diffusion combustion and dome structure characteristics， and discusses the influence of critical parameters of micromix combustors on aerothermodynamic process， NO _x generation and control measures， providing theoretical and empirical bases for the engineering design of hydrogen combustion chambers. Finally， the future development of hydrogen combustion technology is prospected.

Key words: hydrogen, micromix combustion, premixd combustion, diffusion combustion, NO _x, thermoacoustic instability

CLC Number:

V231.2

Da MO, Yuzhen LIN, Xiao HAN, Hongyu MA, Yixiong LIU. Research progress and future prospect of hydrogen micromix combustion technology[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(7): 28994-028994.

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Item	H₂	CH₄	Jet-A	JP-4
Molecular weight	2.016	16.04	168	132
Density/（kg·m^-3）	0.084	0.65	0.787	0.774
Heat of combustion （low）/（MJ·kg^-1）	119.93	50.02	42	42.8
Flammability limits in air/%	4.0~75.0	5.3~15.0	0.6~4.7	0.8~5.8
Min. ignition energy/MJ	0.02	0.29	0.25	0.25
Auto ignition temperature/K	858	813	>500	>500
Flame temperature/K	2 318	2 148	2 200	2 200
Burning velocity/（m·s^-1）	2.65~3.25	0.37~0.45	0.18	0.38

Organization	Inlet conditions	Turbulence model	Method
University of Illinois^［59］	0.1 MPa， 300 K	k-ε	Partially premixed combustion
Funke^{［47，90］}	0.1 MPa， 560 K	realizable k-ε	Eddy Dissipation Concept
Cranfield University^［73］	1.5 MPa， 600 K	k-ω SST （Shear Stress Transfer）	Flamelet Generated Manifold （FGM）
NASA^［91］	1.062 MPa， 800 K	Advanced nonlinear k-ε model	Intrinsically Low-Dimensional Manifold （ILDM）
Chinese Academy of Sciences^［64-65］	0.1 MPa， 277 K	Standard k-ε Realizable k-ε k-ω SST	Flamelet Generated Manifold （FGM）

Mechanism	Species	Reaction steps	Advantages
Kéromnès-2013^［93］	12	33	Ignition delay time， flame velocity
NUIG-NGM-2010^［94］	11	21	Ignition delay time
ÓConaire-2004^［95］	10	21	Ignition delay time
Konnov-2008^［96］	10	33	Flame velocity
Li-2007^［97］	11	25	Flame velocity
Starik-2009^［98］	12	26	JSR
GRI3.0-1999^［99］	10	29	Flow reactor profiles

Organization	Micro-mixing type	Injector shape and dimension	Hydrogen hole diameter	Inlet conditions	Test rig	NO _x
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign^［61］	Premixed	Swirl and bluff body ∅7.5 mm	∅0.25 mm	Atmosphere 40%H₂-60%CH₄	4×4 Burner array
West Virginia University^［51］	Non-premixed	Central fuel jet with 3 air lobes 166.4 mm²	∅0.99 mm	1 600 kPa，600 K 100%H₂	50 Array injectors	4.4×10^-6（15%含氧量）
Aachen University Funke^{［43，106］}	Non-premixed	Jet-in-crossflow ∅1~3 mm	∅0.8 mm	1 600 kPa，600-700 K 100%H₂	2 MW Class gas turbine	35×10^-6（15%含氧量）
Cranfield University^［73］	Non-premixed	Jet-in-crossflow Air-hole area<10 mm²	∅0.3 mm	1 500 kPa，600 K 100%H₂	50 Array injectors
NASA^［48］	Premixed	LDI∅6.35 mm	∅0.56 mm	689.5 kPa，700 K 100%H₂	7 Array injectors	10×10^-6
Chinese Academy of Sciences^［64-65］	Premixed	Multiple confluent turbulent round jets ∅10 mm	∅2 mm	101 kPa，288 K 0-60%H₂	7 Array injectors	10×10^-6（15%含氧量）
GE^［56］	Jet-in-crossflow	MT mixer millimeter scale	Millimeter scale	1 700 kPa，650 K 66%H₂/34%N₂ 20%N₂/80% Air	Full can	3×10^-6（15%含氧量）

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Research progress and future prospect of hydrogen micromix combustion technology

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