城市空中交通及其新型基础设施低空公共航路研究综述

doi:10.7527/S1000-6893.2023.28521

Abstract

Abstract:

Technological breakthroughs have once again spawned a lot of attention to the commercialization of Urban Air Mobility （UAM） in urban low-altitude airspace. The urban low-altitude airspace environment is complex， the density of urban air traffic flow in commercial scenarios is high， and the specifications of vehicles are not uniform. As a new infrastructure for UAM， low-altitude public routes are an important means for UAM to carry out refined management. However， the planning methods of low-altitude public routes， the required infrastructure， and the urban air traffic operation and control mode are still unclear. In response to the above issues， this article sorts out the basic concepts and development history of UAM and low-altitude public air routes， as well as UAM management based on low-altitude public air routes； In addition， an UAM operation management framework is proposed. Suggestions and countermeasures are provided on the possible responsibilities of relevant administrative departments in the development UAM； Finally， the construction method of low-altitude public routes network， the difficulties in the development process of UAM and implementation suggestions are summarized， in order to shed light on the healthy and orderly development of the UAM.

Key words: urban air mobility, low-altitude airspace, public route, eVTOL aircraft, control and operation

CLC Number:

V355.1

Xiaohan LIAO, Wenqiu QU, Chenchen XU, Hongbo HE, Junwei WANG, Weibo SHI. A review of urban air mobility and its new infrastructure low⁃altitude public routes[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2023, 44(24): 28521-028521-.

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分类	UAM	地面交通	民航运输
交通流特性	高流量密度	高流量密度	低流量密度
管控方式	统一的交通规则，主要自动化管控，人力监管为辅	统一的交通规则，主要自动化管控，人力监管为辅	人力监管过程
服务目的	城市内居民出行可选择的一种交通方式	城市内居民出行可选择的一种交通方式	跨城远距离运输
交通发生原因	城市内个体居民因购物、通勤、上学等不同出行目的发生的交通行为	城市内个体居民因购物、通勤、上学等不同出行目的发生的交通行为	个体居民因出差、公务、旅游等出行目的发生的远距离交通行为
服务范围	城区内、城郊	城区内、城郊	跨城、跨国
服务方式	按需响应、狭义的公共交通	按需响应、狭义的公共交通	固定航班，广义公共交通
运行维度	三维空间	二维平面	三维空间
载运工具	差距大、标准不统一	差距不大、标准统一	差距不大、标准统一

特性	eVTOL航空器	飞行汽车	直升机
概念	电推进垂直起降航空器	可以飞行的汽车	垂直起降航空器
功能	空中	空中、地面	空中
气动布局	多旋翼、固定翼、复合翼、倾转旋翼等	固定翼+车身、旋翼+车身、涵道风扇+车身等	单旋翼
动力系统	分布式电推进动力系统	分布式电推进动力系统	涡轮轴发动机、活塞式发动机
动力来源	电力、燃料电池、油电混合等	电力、燃料电池、油电混合等	航空煤油、汽油
技术底层	电气化、自动控制	传统机械设计、电气化、自动控制	传统机械设计
应用现状	多种机型成功试飞并取得试运营许可	全球仅有一款飞行汽车完成试飞，且尚未实现量产	常态化应用
突出优点	安全、噪音小、环保、操作简单、维护成本低	陆空两栖使用	技术成熟

机型	Vectored Thrust	Rotorcraft	Lift + Cruise	Multicopters
典型机型
航空器	Airbus Vahana^［75］	Jaunt Air Mobility Journey^［76］	Beta ALIA^［77］	eHang 216^［78］

[1]	ZHANG Honghai, ZOU Yiyuan, ZHANG Qiqian, LIU Hao. Future urban air mobility management: Review [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2021, 42(7): 24638-024638.
[2]	LI Anti, LI Chenglong, WU Dingjie, WEI Peng. Collision avoidance decision method for UAVs in random search combined with jump point guidance [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020, 41(8): 323726-323726.
[3]	QUAN Quan, LI Gang, BAI Yiqin, FU Rao, LI Mengxin, KE Chenxu, CAI Kaiyuan. Low altitude UAV traffic management:An introductory overview and proposal [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2020, 41(1): 23238-023238.
[4]	CHEN Weishi, LI Jing. Radar target detection in low-altitude airspace with spatial features [J]. ACTA AERONAUTICAET ASTRONAUTICA SINICA, 2015, 36(9): 3060-3068.

A review of urban air mobility and its new infrastructure low⁃altitude public routes

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