集群协同作战是未来智能化战争的重要形态，巡飞集群作战系统是世界各军事强国为打赢未来智能化战争而竞相发展的颠覆性作战力量。本文从智能感知、协同任务规划与决策、协同制导控制、自组网与通信等方面进行了系统梳理，总结了支撑实现集群作战智能涌现关键技术群的发展历程与最新进展，从多维度分析了当前人工智能算法的适应性和先进性，面向巡飞集群复杂作战场景、弱算力资源、弱信息联通等实战化作战需求，总结阐述了当前以人工智能为基础的关键技术群面临的挑战与未来研究方向，提出了发展建议。

Loitering munition swarm combat has attracted increasing attention as a promising operational paradigm in future warfare. This paper presents a systematic review of the key technologies for loitering munition swarm systems, covering intelligent perception, cooperative mission planning and decision-making, cooperative guidance and control, and ad hoc networking and communications. The development process and recent advances of the critical technology clusters supporting intelligent swarm combat are summarized, and the applicability and advancement of current artificial intelligence algorithms are analyzed from multiple perspectives. Considering practical operational requirements, including complex combat scenarios, constrained onboard computational resources, and degraded information connectivity, the major challenges faced by current AI-enabled technologies are discussed, future research directions are outlined, and corresponding development suggestions are proposed.