电子电气工程与控制

北斗+5G综合时空网赋能低空经济:技术架构、应用实践与未来展望

  • 施闯 ,
  • 李坤雷 ,
  • 王家乐 ,
  • 夏鸣 ,
  • 陈诗军 ,
  • 蒋鑫 ,
  • 李侠宇 ,
  • 万屹 ,
  • 张贺 ,
  • 金耀
展开
  • 1.北京航空航天大学 空间与地球科学学院,北京 100191
    2.北京航空航天大学 电子信息工程学院,北京 100191
    3.卫星导航与移动通信融合技术工业和信息化部重点实验室,北京 100191
    4.空地一体新航行系统技术全国重点实验室,北京 100191
    5.香港理工大学 土地测量及地理资讯学系,香港 999077
    6.中兴通讯股份有限公司,深圳 518055
    7.中国移动上海产业研究院,上海 201206
    8.中国信息通信研究院 技术与标准研究所,北京 100083
    9.中国联合网络通信有限公司研究院,北京 100176
.E-mail: wang_jiale@buaa.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2026-03-19

  修回日期: 2026-04-13

  录用日期: 2026-05-29

  网络出版日期: 2026-06-23

基金资助

北京市自然科学基金(3264040);国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3910103);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2025M784291)

Empowering low-altitude economy with BDS/5G integrated spatiotemporal network: Technical architecture, application practice and future prospect

  • Chuang SHI ,
  • Kunlei LI ,
  • Jiale WANG ,
  • Ming XIA ,
  • Shijun CHEN ,
  • Xin JIANG ,
  • Xiayu LI ,
  • Yi WAN ,
  • He ZHANG ,
  • Yao JIN
Expand
  • 1.School of Space and Earth Sciences,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    2.School of Electronic Information Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation and Mobile Communication Fusion Technology,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Beijing 100191,China
    4.State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM,Beijing 100191,China
    5.Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,Hong Kong 999077,China
    6.ZTE Corporation,Shenzhen 518055,China
    7.China Mobile (Shanghai) Industrial Research Institute,Shanghai 201206,China
    8.Technology and Standards Research Institute,China Academy of Information and Communications Technology,Beijing 100083,China
    9.China Unicom Research Institute,Beijing 100176,China

Received date: 2026-03-19

  Revised date: 2026-04-13

  Accepted date: 2026-05-29

  Online published: 2026-06-23

Supported by

Beijing Natural Science Foundation(3264040);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3910103);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M784291)

摘要

低空经济作为中国经济发展新增长引擎,其规模化发展高度依赖定位导航、无线通信等关键技术的协同支撑,北斗+5G综合时空网作为北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)与5G通信技术深度融合的新型基础设施形态,已成为精准响应低空场景通导一体核心需求、支撑低空经济高质量发展的关键路径。以北斗+5G综合时空网为研究对象,以北斗+5G一体化基站为核心网络节点与关键技术载体,系统梳理低空无人机通导一体化技术基础,分析北斗导航与5G通信的技术特性及分立组网的局限性。研究系统阐述了北斗+5G综合时空网的整体技术架构,重点剖析了北斗+5G一体化基站的硬件融合架构、5G控制面数据播发技术及组网部署策略,对比分析了现有一体化基站方案的技术路径与功能特性,明确5G控制面在增强数据播发中的低时延、高并发、高安全优势。结合低空经济应用场景,从全域高精度时间同步、厘米级定位增强、空域多目标协同感知、低空气象与干扰监测和通信能力增强5个维度,分析北斗+5G综合时空网的技术赋能效果与实践价值。最后,针对低空经济规模化发展需求,指出北斗+5G融合技术与综合时空网建设面临的挑战,展望通感导一体化、定位、导航和授时(PNT)服务增强、组网运营模式创新等未来发展方向。研究表明,北斗+5G综合时空网可通过一体化基站广域组网形成的全场景服务能力,有效化解低空空域定位不稳、监管不足、安全不强等核心痛点,为低空经济构建起通导融合、多维协同的数字时空底座,为相关技术优化与产业落地提供重要参考。

本文引用格式

施闯 , 李坤雷 , 王家乐 , 夏鸣 , 陈诗军 , 蒋鑫 , 李侠宇 , 万屹 , 张贺 , 金耀 . 北斗+5G综合时空网赋能低空经济:技术架构、应用实践与未来展望[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(14) : 333591 -333591 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.33591

Abstract

As a new pillar of China’s economic growth, the booming low-altitude economy hinges on core enabling technologies including positioning, navigation and wireless communication. The Beidou-5G integrated spatiotemporal network, a novel infrastructure combining the Beidou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) and 5G, delivers integrated communication and navigation services essential to low-altitude operations and fuels sound development of the low-altitude economy.Centered on this network and taking Beidou-5G integrated base stations as core nodes, this paper systematically investigates low-altitude UAV communication-navigation integration basics. It compares native BDS and 5G features, exposes drawbacks of standalone deployment, and presents the network’s overall framework. Key discussions cover integrated base station hardware, 5G control-plane broadcast technology and network layout schemes. Benchmarking rival base station designs proves 5G control-plane broadcast excels in low latency, massive concurrency and robust security.This paper assesses the network’s support for low-altitude scenarios from five perspectives: full-coverage high-precision time synchronization, centimeter-level positioning improvement, multi-aircraft collaborative sensing, low-altitude weather and interference surveillance, and upgraded communication performance. It further discusses integration and construction hurdles, then forecasts trends such as communication-sensing-navigation fusion, advanced Positioning, Navigation and Timing(PNT) services and innovative network operation modes.The final conclusion: large-scale rollout of Beidou-5G integrated base stations fixes key low-altitude bottlenecks-unreliable positioning, weak airspace oversight and safety risks-by establishing a converged digital spatiotemporal platform. This research offers valuable guidance for technical tuning and industrial rollout of the low-altitude economy.

参考文献

[1] 孙文浩, 张杰. 低空经济赋能城市高质量发展的成效与路径研究[J]. 商业经济与管理, 2026(2): 62-76.
  SUN W H, ZHANG J. Empowering high-quality urban development through the low-altitude economy: Effects and pathways[J]. Journal of Business Economics, 2026(2): 62-76 (in Chinese).
[2] 张海君, 夏清悦, 马旭, 等. 6G低空通信场景下无人机部署优化综述[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(11): 531296.
  ZHANG H J, XIA Q Y, MA X, et al. A review of unmanned aerial vehicles deployment optimization in 6G low-altitude communication scenarios[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 531296 (in Chinese).
[3] 胡文晓, 牟迪, 李智, 等. 低空经济发展的关键技术问题与创新策略[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(11): 531539.
  HU W X, MU D, LI Z, et al. Key technical issues and innovation strategies for development of low-altitude economy[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 531539 (in Chinese).
[4] LI B, FEI Z S, ZHANG Y, et al. Secure UAV communication networks over 5G[J]. IEEE Wireless Communications, 2019, 26(5): 114-120.
[5] JIANG C P, ZHOU X Y, CHEN H, et al. UAV positioning using GNSS: A review of the current status[J]. Drones, 2026, 10(2): 91.
[6] 金耀, 张贺, 邓中亮, 等. 5G-A/6G+北斗通感导技术在低空经济中的应用与展望[J]. 电信科学, 2025, 41(3): 1-16.
  JIN Y, ZHANG H, DENG Z L, et al. Application and prospect of 5G-A/6G+Beidou communication, sensing and navigation technology in low-altitude economy[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2025, 41(3): 1-16 (in Chinese).
[7] 王瑛, 边朗, 杨涛, 等. 卫星导航技术发展综述[J]. 空间电子技术, 2025, 22(S1): 20-34.
  WANG Y, BIAN L, YANG T, et al. A review of the development of satellite navigation technology[J]. Space Electronic Technology, 2025, 22(S1): 20-34 (in Chinese).
[8] 朱小韦, 袁占良, 杨耀环. 北斗三号卫星导航系统精密单点定位的性能分析[J]. 测绘通报, 2023(9): 6-11, 58.
  ZHU X W, YUAN Z L, YANG Y H. Performance analysis of precise point positioning of BeiDou-3 navigation satellite system[J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping, 2023(9): 6-11, 58 (in Chinese).
[9] 李平, 王璐, 聂欣, 等. “北斗”短报文通信现状与发展[J]. 中国航天, 2024(5): 44-49.
  LI P, WANG L, NIE X, et al. The current situation and development of “BeiDou” short message communications[J]. Aerospace China, 2024(5): 44-49 (in Chinese).
[10] 田露, 李骏平, 刘蕾. 基于星间链路的全球短报文服务可用性分析[J]. 中国空间科学技术(中英文), 2024, 44(5): 166-174.
  TIAN L, LI J P, LIU L. Analysis of global short message service availability based on inter-satellite link[J]. Chinese Space Science and Technology, 2024, 44(5): 166-174 (in Chinese).
[11] HU J H, LI P, ZHANG X H, et al. Precise point positioning with BDS-2 and BDS-3 constellations: Ambiguity resolution and positioning comparison[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2022, 70(7): 1830-1846.
[12] EKASO D, NEX F, KERLE N. Accuracy assessment of real-time kinematics (RTK) measurements on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for direct geo-referencing[J]. Geo-spatial Information Science, 2020, 23(2): 165-181.
[13] 于素君, 易昌华, 李春芬, 等. 北斗卫星导航系统定位原理及其应用综述[J]. 物探装备, 2020, 30(1): 59-63.
  YU S J, YI C H, LI C F, et al. The positioning principle and application of Beidou satellite navigation system[J]. Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting, 2020, 30(1): 59-63 (in Chinese).
[14] 莫武, 余学祥. 基于RTK技术的无人机实时动态定位算法优化[J]. 现代信息科技, 2026, 10(4): 8-12.
  MO W, YU X X. Optimization of real-time dynamic positioning algorithm for UAVs based on RTK technology[J]. Modern Information Technology, 2026, 10(4): 8-12 (in Chinese).
[15] SUFYAN A, KHAN K B, KHASHAN O A, et al. From 5G to beyond 5G: A comprehensive survey of wireless network evolution, challenges, and promising technologies[J]. Electronics, 2023, 12(10): 2200.
[16] ATALAY T O, STOJADINOVIC D, FAMILI A, et al. A first look at 5G core deployments on public cloud: Performance evaluation of control and user planes[DB/OL]. arXiv preprint: 2312.04833; 2023.
[17] 王书亚, 王振, 季璐. 面向5G网络的无人机通信关键技术研究[J]. 软件, 2025, 46(8): 146-148.
  WANG S Y, WANG Z, JI L. Research on key technologies of UAV communication for 5G network[J]. Software, 2025, 46(8): 146-148 (in Chinese).
[18] 潘林杰. 低空无人机群5G实时数传机制研究[J]. 电信快报, 2026(1): 36-38, 44.
  PAN L J. Research on real-time data transmission mechanism based on 5G communication in low-altitude UAV swarms[J]. Telecommunications Information, 2026(1): 36-38, 44 (in Chinese).
[19] BRAMBILLA M, ALGHISI M, CAMAJORI TEDESCHINI B, et al. Integration of 5G and GNSS technologies for enhanced positioning: An experimental study[J]. IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2024, 5: 7197-7215.
[20] WANG Y, HUANG S, YU Y J, et al. Recent progress on 3GPP 5G positioning[C]∥2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2023: 1-6.
[21] BAI L, SUN C, ZHAO H B, et al. A TOA-AOA hybrid localization method in 5G network with MIMO antennas[C]∥China Satellite Navigation Conference (CSNC 2021) Proceedings. Singapore: Springer, 2021: 285-295.
[22] DEL PERAL-ROSADO J A, GUNNARSSON F, DWIVEDI S, et al. Exploitation of 3D city maps for hybrid 5G RTT and GNSS positioning simulations[C]∥ICASSP 2020-2020 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2020: 9205-9209.
[23] 蔡子华, 吴浩, 刘子建, 等. 基于5G核心网开放架构的工业园区高精度定位系统设计与实现[J]. 数据通信, 2025(6): 1-4, 14.
  CAI Z H, WU H, LIU Z J, et al. Design and implementation of HighPrecision positioning system for industrial parks based on open 5G core network architecture[J]. Data Communications, 2025(6): 1-4, 14 (in Chinese).
[24] CHEN W X, WANG T F, YAO Z, et al. Analysis of the gain factors of 5G-assisted BDS RTK positioning in urban environments[J]. Satellite Navigation, 2024, 5(1): 28.
[25] LI F X, TU R, HONG J, et al. Combined positioning algorithm based on BeiDou navigation satellite system and raw 5G observations[J]. Measurement, 2022, 190: 110763.
[26] HUANG C, MOLISCH A F, HE R S, et al. Machine learning-enabled LOS/NLOS identification for MIMO systems in dynamic environments[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2020, 19(6): 3643-3657.
[27] 李志强. “北斗+广播”高精定位新模式探讨[J]. 广播电视网络, 2021, 28(8): 72-73, 75.
  LI Z Q. Discussion on the new mode of “Beidou+Broadcasting” high-precision positioning[J]. Radio & Television Network, 2021, 28(8): 72-73, 75 (in Chinese).
[28] 金耀, 张贺, 王泽林, 等. 北斗短报文发展与应用[J]. 邮电设计技术, 2024(3): 53-57.
  JIN Y, ZHANG H, WANG Z L, et al. Development and application of Beidou short message[J]. Designing Techniques of Posts and Telecommunications, 2024(3): 53-57 (in Chinese).
[29] 赵智慧. 北斗用于5G基站高精度授时的应用探讨[J]. 长江信息通信, 2023, 36(3): 189-192.
  ZHAO Z H. Discussion on the application of Beidou in high-precision time service of 5G base station[J]. Changjiang Information & Communications, 2023, 36(3): 189-192 (in Chinese).
[30] 朵灏, 王文跃, 蒋鑫. 深入推进5G网络建设面临问题的研究[J]. 通信世界, 2024(19): 14-15.
  DUO H, WANG W Y, JIANG X. Research on problems in further promoting the construction of 5G network[J]. Communications World, 2024(19): 14-15 (in Chinese).
[31] 曹亘, 吕婷, 张涛, 等. 中国联通5G基站设备架构及演进要求[J]. 邮电设计技术, 2019(8): 12-15.
  CAO G, Lü T, ZHANG T, et al. 5G base station architecture and evolution requirements of China unicom[J]. Designing Techniques of Posts and Telecommunications, 2019(8): 12-15 (in Chinese).
[32] CAI B W, ZHANG H, GUO H, et al. 5G network evolution and dual-mode 5G base station[C]∥2020 IEEE 6th International Conference on Computer and Communications (ICCC). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2020: 283-287.
[33] 张森豪. 北斗+5G在L频段信号兼容性研究[D]. 西安: 西安电子科技大学, 2021.
  ZHANG S H. Research on signal compatibility of BeiDou united with 5G system in L band[D]. Xi’an: Xidian University, 2021 (in Chinese).
[34] 张胜, 程婕, 向南. 北斗地基增强站与5G通信基站共址可行性研究[J]. 信息通信, 2019, 32(12): 49-51.
  ZHANG S, CHENG J, XIANG N. Feasibility study on co-location of Beidou ground-based reinforcement station and 5G communication base station[J]. Information & Communications, 2019, 32(12): 49-51 (in Chinese).
[35] 曾存良. 基于5G开源基站的通导融合技术研究[D]. 石家庄: 河北科技大学, 2023.
  ZENG C L. Research on communication and navigation integration technology based on 5G open-source base station[D]. Shijiazhuang: Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2023 (in Chinese).
[36] 施闯, 王家乐, 王吉涛, 等. 5G控制面BDS高精度时空服务系统与研究[J]. 导航定位学报, 2025, 13(4): 1-11.
  SHI C, WANG J L, WANG J T, et al. 5G control plane-based BDS high-precision spatiotemporal service system and research[J]. Journal of Navigation and Positioning, 2025, 13(4): 1-11 (in Chinese).
[37] 金耀, 周又眉, 张贺, 等. 北斗+5G融合定位技术研究及应用进展[J]. 全球定位系统, 2023, 48(4): 12-18.
  JIN Y, ZHOU Y M, ZHANG H, et al. Research and application progress of BeiDou+5G fusion positioning technology[J]. GNSS World of China, 2023, 48(4): 12-18 (in Chinese).
[38] 陈豫蓉, 蒋鑫. 技术融合, 产业协同: 中国移动北斗+5G在新基建领域的应用[J]. 卫星应用, 2021(4): 25-27.
  CHEN Y R, JIANG X. Technology convergence and industry synergy: Application of China mobile Beidou +5G in new infrastructure[J]. Satellite Application, 2021(4): 25-27 (in Chinese).
[39] 郭旭景, 邱巍. 5G NR多播广播关键技术及部署方案研究[J]. 广播与电视技术, 2024, 51(3): 62-68.
  GUO X J, QIU W. Research on key technology and deployment scheme of 5G NR multicast broadcasting[J]. Radio & TV Broadcast Engineering, 2024, 51(3): 62-68 (in Chinese).
[40] CHRISTAKIS S, TSOURDINIS T, MAKRIS N, et al. Evaluation of user plane function implementations in real-world 5G networks[C]∥IEEE INFOCOM 2024-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2024: 1-6.
[41] 成静静, 陈瑞鑫, 许鸿辉, 等. 基于控制面与用户面分离的5G电力虚拟专网关键技术研究 [J]. 数据通信, 2025(6): 21-27.
  CHENG J J, CHEN R X, XU H H, et al. Research on key technologies of 5G power virtual private network based on separation of control plane and user plane[J]. Data Communications, 2025(6): 21-27 (in Chinese).
[42] 陈豫蓉. 5G与北斗高精度定位融合发展趋势分析[J]. 电信工程技术与标准化, 2020, 33(4): 1-6.
  CHEN Y R. The analysis of convergence between 5G and Beidou high-accuracy positioning[J]. Telecom Engineering Technics and Standardization, 2020, 33(4): 1-6 (in Chinese).
[43] LLORENS-CARRODEGUAS A, CERVELLO-PASTOR C, LEYVA-PUPO I, et al. An architecture for the 5G control plane based on SDN and data distribution service[C]∥2018 Fifth International Conference on Software Defined Systems (SDS). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2018: 105-111.
[44] ABUYAGHI M, SI-MOHAMMED S, SHAKER G, et al. Positioning in 5G networks: Emerging techniques, use cases, and challenges[J]. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2025, 12(2): 1408-1427.
[45] 庞晋炜, 陈潇. 5G网络中状态空间表达式辅助数据的长期演进定位协议消息格式设计[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(19): 7711-7717.
  PANG J W, CHEN X. Long term evolution positioning protocol massage format of state space representation assisted data transmitted in 5G network design[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2020, 20(19): 7711-7717 (in Chinese).
[46] 石鸿伟, 陈庆强, 程智炜, 等. 面向广域确定性网络的控制面技术研究[J]. 电信科学, 2023, 39(11): 27-38.
  SHI H W, CHEN Q Q, CHENG Z W, et al. Research on control plane technology for wide-area deterministic networking[J]. Telecommunications Science, 2023, 39(11): 27-38 (in Chinese).
[47] 李沸乐, 杨文聪. 5G-A通感融合网络架构及演进研究[J]. 邮电设计技术, 2023(5): 33-38.
  LI F L, YANG W C. Research on network architecture and evolution of 5G-A integrated sensing and communication[J]. Designing Techniques of Posts and Telecommunications, 2023(5): 33-38 (in Chinese).
[48] LI Z H, YANG S Q, YU J H, et al. State-of-the-art survey on deterministic transmission technologies in time-sensitive networking[J]. Journal of Software, 2021, 33(11): 4334-4355.
[49] 缪敏帆. 面向5G核心网控制面的协议逻辑漏洞检测技术研究与实现[D]. 北京: 北京邮电大学, 2023.
  MIAO M F. Research and implementation of protocol logic vulnerability detection technology for 5G core network control plane[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 2023 (in Chinese).
[50] 赵晖. 移动通信网络侧高精定位应用研究[J]. 通信世界, 2023(23): 32-33.
  ZHAO H. Research on application of high-precision positioning on mobile communication network side[J]. Communications World, 2023(23): 32-33 (in Chinese).
[51] 张小莲, 李恒聪, 胡淇, 等. 多站融合选址综合评估研究[J]. 电力工程技术, 2022, 41(2): 53-59.
  ZHANG X L, LI H C, HU Q, et al. Comprehensive location evaluation of multi-station integration[J]. Electric Power Engineering Technology, 2022, 41(2): 53-59 (in Chinese).
[52] MA X P, YU K G, HE X X, et al. Positioning performance comparison between GPS and BDS with data recorded at four MGEX stations[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 147422-147438.
[53] 邱蕾, 杨志敏. 深圳市北斗CORS系统的设计与应用[J]. 城市勘测, 2023(1): 83-86.
  QIU L, YANG Z M. Design and application of Shenzhen Beidou CORS system[J]. Urban Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying, 2023(1): 83-86 (in Chinese).
[54] LU M Q, YAO Z, SHEN Y, et al. Space-air-ground collaborative positioning, navigation and timing architecture and key technologies for low-altitude economy[J]. China Communications, 2025, 22(9): 48-80.
[55] 贺智轶, 岳斌, 郑宇, 等. 北斗技术在低空通航领域的应用探索[J]. 卫星应用, 2025(1): 17-23.
  HE Z Y, YUE B, ZHENG Y, et al. Application of Beidou technology in the field of low-altitude navigation[J]. Satellite Application, 2025(1): 17-23 (in Chinese).
[56] 赵良瑾, 仝昊楠, 苑子杨, 等. 无人机集群的干扰管理: 机理、技术与挑战[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(23): 632022.
  ZHAO L J, TONG H N, YUAN Z Y, et al. Interference management for UAV swarms: Fundamental mechanisms, techniques, and challenges[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(23): 632022 (in Chinese).
[57] 张学军, 李诚龙, 张志远, 等. 低空航行系统实时风险管理能力构建: 概念、挑战与技术[J]. 航空学报, 2025, 46(11): 531482.
  ZHANG X J, LI C L, ZHANG Z Y, et al. Constructing in-time risk management capabilities for low-altitude aviation systems: Concepts, technologies, and challenges[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2025, 46(11): 531482 (in Chinese).
[58] 施闯, 张东, 宋伟, 等. 北斗广域高精度时间服务原型系统[J]. 测绘学报, 2020, 49(3): 269-277.
  SHI C, ZHANG D, SONG W, et al. BeiDou wide-area precise timing prototype system[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2020, 49(3): 269-277 (in Chinese).
[59] CALEYA-SANCHEZ J, MU?OZ P, SáNCHEZ-GARRIDO J, et al. Empirical evaluation of a 5G transparent clock for time synchronization in a TSN-5G network[C]∥2025 IEEE 36th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC). Piscataway: IEEE Press, 2025: 1-6.
[60] 黄劲安, 何淑欣. 基于北斗的5G基站授时应用探讨[J]. 广东通信技术, 2025, 45(3): 9-13.
  HUANG J A, HE S X. Discussion on timing application of 5G base stations based on Beidou[J]. Guangdong Communication Technology, 2025, 45(3): 9-13 (in Chinese).
[61] 张斌, 王森, 张小红. 北斗系统基站授时能力验证及授时方案探讨[J]. 邮电设计技术, 2025(12): 11-16.
  ZHANG B, WANG S, ZHANG X H. Verification of timing capability of Beidou system and discussion on timing scheme[J]. Designing Techniques of Posts and Telecommunications, 2025(12): 11-16 (in Chinese).
[62] 高兆强. 基于IEEE1588V2的无线网络时间同步技术[J]. 通信技术, 2021, 54(1): 147-151.
  GAO Z Q. Wireless network time synchronization technology based on IEEE1588V2[J]. Communications Technology, 2021, 54(1): 147-151 (in Chinese).
[63] 徐亮. 一种利用5G空口信号的高准确度授时方法及测试验证[J]. 上海计量测试, 2025, 52(4): 49-53.
  XU L. High-Precision timing method and test verification utilizing 5G air interface signals[J]. Shanghai Measurement and Testing, 2025, 52(4): 49-53 (in Chinese).
[64] 毛志伟. 5G空口授时信号捕获设计与实现[D]. 西安: 中国科学院大学(中国科学院国家授时中心), 2025.
  MAO Z W. Design and implementation of the 5G NR time service signal capture[D]. Xi’an: National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2025 (in Chinese).
[65] 王鹏飞. 5G无人机自动巡线技术在电力输电线路巡检的实现策略[J]. 中国高新科技, 2023(10): 69-70.
  WANG P F. Implementation strategy of 5G drone automatic patrol technology in power transmission line inspection[J]. China High-Tech, 2023(10): 69-70 (in Chinese).
[66] 黄浩. 基于5G无人机在电力输电线路自动巡线的实现与研究[J]. 中国宽带, 2024, 20(9): 142-144.
  HUANG H. Implementation and research of automatic power transmission line inspection based on 5G UAV[J]. China BroadBand, 2024, 20(9): 142-144 (in Chinese).
[67] 叶子帆, 冯瀚, 张泽磊. 农村配电网10 kV配电线路无人机巡检技术[J]. 农村电工, 2025, 33(8): 43-44.
  YE Z F, FENG H, ZHANG Z L. UAV inspection technology for 10 kV distribution lines in rural distribution networks[J]. Rural Electician, 2025, 33(8): 43-44 (in Chinese).
[68] 王翔宇. 一种基于5G+北斗的无人农场解决方案[J]. 长江信息通信, 2023, 36(6): 212-214.
  WANG X Y. An unmanned farm solution based on 5G+Beidou[J]. Changjiang Information & Communications, 2023, 36(6): 212-214 (in Chinese).
[69] 李俊杰, 伍祖林, 何建明, 等. 智能无人机技术在农林业上的研究进展与趋势[J]. 广东农业科学, 2025, 52(12): 141-156.
  LI J J, WU Z L, HE J M, et al. Research progress and trends of intelligent unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) technology in agriculture and forestry[J]. Guangdong Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 52(12): 141-156 (in Chinese).
[70] 陈思睿, 张璘. 基于GPS的无人机物流配送路径规划算法的仿真与实现[J]. 厦门理工学院学报, 2026, 34(1): 33-39.
  CHEN S R, ZHANG L. Simulation and implementation of GPS-based UAV logistics distribution path planning[J]. Journal of Lujiang University, 2026, 34(1): 33-39 (in Chinese).
[71] 许超. 低空物流无人机应用挑战与发展路径综述[J]. 交通科技与管理, 2025, 6(24): 185-187.
  XU C. Review on application challenges and development paths of low-altitude logistics UAVs[J]. Transportation Science and Technology and Management, 2025, 6(24): 185-187 (in Chinese).
[72] 朱文凤. 5G无人机化身“空中城管” 开启智慧城市治理新篇章[J]. 通信世界, 2025(6): 42.
  ZHU W F. 5G drones act as “air urban administrators” opening a new chapter for smart city governance[J]. Communications World, 2025(6): 42 (in Chinese).
[73] 陈瑜烙, 章程杰, 林宇洪. 基于物联网的无人机交通警察系统设计[J]. 物联网技术, 2025, 15(6): 85-88.
  CHEN Y L, ZHANG C J, LIN Y H. Design of UAV traffic police system based on the internet of things [J]. Internet of Things Technologies, 2025, 15(6): 85-88 (in Chinese).
[74] ROLDáN-GóMEZ J J, GONZáLEZ-GIRONDA E, BARRIENTOS A. A survey on robotic technologies for forest firefighting: Applying drone swarms to improve firefighters’ efficiency and safety[J]. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(1): 363.
[75] KHAN A, GUPTA S, GUPTA S K. Emerging UAV technology for disaster detection, mitigation, response, and preparedness[J]. Journal of Field Robotics, 2022, 39(6): 905-955.
[76] 王秋丽, 杨渝锋, 赵阳坤. 低空经济视角下应急救援无人机集群调度算法的优化 [J]. 中国战略新兴产业, 2026(3): 32-35.
  WANG Q L, YANG Y F, ZHAO Y K. Optimization of scheduling algorithm for emergency rescue UAV swarms from the perspective of low-altitude economy[J]. China' s Strategic Emerging Industries, 2026 (3): 32-35 (in Chinese).
[77] 黄俊峰, 闵会, 胡铁鸣, 等. 无人机低空遥感在地质灾害三维建模中的应用[J]. 地理空间信息, 2026, 24(1): 85-87, 96.
  HUANG J F, MIN H, HU T M, et al. Application of UAV low-altitude remote sensing technology in the 3D modeling of geological hazard sites[J]. Geospatial Information, 2026, 24(1): 85-87, 96 (in Chinese).
[78] WEN Y, LIANG D, WU Y. Study on the key technology and application of UAV surveying and mapping data processing[J]. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2021, 1744(2): 022089.
[79] 袁紫亮. 探究无人机编队表演背后的技术支持 [N]. 2025-08-12.
  YUAN Z L. An exploration of the technical support behind UAV formation performances[N]. 2025-08-12 (in Chinese).
[80] 赵川斌, 张腾宇, 冯源, 等. 面向低空无人机的通感一体化关键技术及原型验证研究[J]. 物联网学报, 2025, 9(2): 27-38.
  ZHAO C B, ZHANG T Y, FENG Y, et al. Key technologies and prototype validation research of integrated sensing and communications for low altitude UAV[J]. Chinese Journal on Internet of Things, 2025, 9(2): 27-38 (in Chinese).
[81] GAO Z, WAN Z W, ZHENG D Z, et al. Integrated sensing and communication with mmWave massive MIMO: A compressed sampling perspective[J]. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2023, 22(3): 1745-1762.
[82] LIU R Q, JIAN M N, CHEN D W, et al. Integrated sensing and communication based outdoor multi-target detection, tracking, and localization in practical 5G Networks[J]. Intelligent and Converged Networks, 2023, 4(3): 261-272.
[83] CHEN C L, ZHENG Z Y, XU T Y, et al. YOLO-based UAV technology: A review of the research and its applications[J]. Drones, 2023, 7(3): 190.
[84] 於志文, 孙卓, 程岳, 等. 智能无人机集群协同感知计算研究综述[J]. 航空学报, 2024, 45(20): 630912.
  YU Z W, SUN Z, CHENG Y, et al. A review of intelligent UAV swarm collaborative perception and computation[J]. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2024, 45(20): 630912 (in Chinese).
[85] 陈永炜, 郭文润, 张木栋, 等. 5G-A通感一体及多模态融合技术在低空安防领域的应用研究[J]. 通信世界, 2025(12): 32-38.
  CHEN Y W, GUO W R, ZHANG M D, et al. Research on the application of 5G-A integrated sensing and communication and multimodal fusion technology in low-altitude security[J]. Communications World, 2025(12): 32-38 (in Chinese).
[86] 探索实践低空气象保障新模式新路径护航低空经济“蓄势”高飞 [N]. 2026-01-26.
  Exploring and practicing new models and paths for low-altitude meteorological support to escort the take-off of the low-altitude economy[N]. 2026-01-26 (in Chinese).
[87] 张云霞, 顾悦昕. 大数据气象预测在低空运行中的应用与分析[J]. 中国战略新兴产业, 2025(21): 38-40.
  ZHANG Y X, GU Y X. Application and analysis of big data meteorological prediction in low-altitude operation[J]. China Strategic Emerging Industry, 2025(21): 38-40 (in Chinese).
[88] 施闯, 周凌昊, 范磊, 等. 利用北斗/GNSS观测数据分析“21·7”河南极端暴雨过程[J]. 地球物理学报, 2022, 65(1): 186-196.
  SHI C, ZHOU L H, FAN L, et al. Analysis of “21·7” extreme rainstorm process in Henan Province using BeiDou/GNSS observation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2022, 65(1): 186-196 (in Chinese).
[89] 孙铭涵, 庞治国, 张朋杰. 湖南省地基北斗卫星导航系统大气可降水量反演及降水分析[J]. 中国防汛抗旱, 2024, 34(4): 28-33.
  SUN M H, PANG Z G, ZHANG P J. Inversion and precipitation analysis of atmospheric precipitation in the ground-based Beidou system of Hunan Province[J]. China Flood & Drought Management, 2024, 34(4): 28-33 (in Chinese).
[90] 郭秋英, 赵耀, 黄守凯, 等. 基于北斗PWV的暴雨时空变化特征分析[J]. 全球定位系统, 2022, 47(5): 111-117.
  GUO Q Y, ZHAO Y, HUANG S K, et al. Analysis of temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainstorm based on BeiDou PWV[J]. GNSS World of China, 2022, 47(5): 111-117 (in Chinese).
[91] 付晨罡, 陈潇, 刘婷, 等. 面向北斗导航电文认证的符号级欺骗方法研究[J]. 导航定位与授时, 2024, 11(4): 16-25.
  FU C G, CHEN X, LIU T, et al. Research on symbol level attack method targeting BeiDou navigation message authentication[J]. Navigation Positioning and Timing, 2024, 11(4): 16-25 (in Chinese).
[92] 金玲琳. 基于特征提取的BDS干扰检测理论研究[D]. 广汉: 中国民用航空飞行学院, 2024.
  JIN L L. Approach on BDS interference detection theory based on feature extraction[D]. Guanghan: Civil Aviation Flight University of China, 2024 (in Chinese).
[93] 吴晋. 北斗卫星导航干扰检测与识别技术研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学, 2023.
  WU J. Research on interference detection and recognition technology in BDS[D]. Harbin: Harbin Engineering University, 2023 (in Chinese).
[94] 王世刚. 基于北斗的通信终端安全研究[J]. 北斗与空间信息应用技术, 2025(1): 1-3, 26.
  WANG S G. Research on communication terminal security based on Beidou[J]. Beidou and Spatial Information Application Technology, 2025(1): 1-3, 26 (in Chinese).
[95] 张滨. 5G数据安全防护技术研究[J]. 电信工程技术与标准化, 2021, 34(12): 1-6.
  ZHANG B. Research on 5G data security protection technology[J]. Telecom Engineering Technics and Standardization, 2021, 34(12): 1-6 (in Chinese).
[96] 李彬, 赵颖, 祁兵, 等. 基于5G的需求响应通信安全问题分析与应用挑战[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(12): 4778-4788.
  LI B, ZHAO Y, QI B, et al. Security issues and application challenge of 5G based demand response[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(12): 4778-4788 (in Chinese).
[97] JIN Y, DENG Z L, ZHANG H, et al. A review of UAV positioning in LAIN: Toward a 5G-core “space-air-ground” integrated and cooperative architecture[J]. ENGINEERING Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2026, 27(1): 1-16.
[98] 尹晴, 朱钧宇. 低空智能网联体系发展现状、问题和政策建议[J]. 广播电视网络, 2026, 33(2): 21-25.
  YIN Q, ZHU J Y. Development status, problems and policy suggestions of low-altitude intelligent connected systems[J]. Radio & Television Network, 2026, 33(2): 21-25 (in Chinese).
文章导航

/

〈 〉