亚声速异形进气道小流量失稳特性
收稿日期: 2025-08-27
修回日期: 2025-09-17
录用日期: 2025-10-21
网络出版日期: 2025-10-30
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(12025202)
Low flow rate instability characteristics of a subsonic irregular inlet
Received date: 2025-08-27
Revised date: 2025-09-17
Accepted date: 2025-10-21
Online published: 2025-10-30
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12025202)
异形进气道可以提高飞行器的隐身能力,但由于其型面与机翼高度融合且三维弯曲,存在复杂的流动结构,在小流量状态下极可能发生流动失稳从而影响发动机的正常工作。针对异形进气道开展仿真计算,获得了进气道的流动特性、性能规律,揭示了小流量状态下进气道失稳机制。结果表明:在大流量状态下,流道内出现局部跨声速区域,造成总压恢复系数减小;而在小流量状态下,进口边界层气流在喉道强逆压力梯度作用下引发边界层分离,伴随二次流与主流之间的掺混效应,内道截面内多涡结构逐步融合为整涡结构,显著加剧了总压损失程度,对发动机匹配构成挑战。此外,攻角变化对进气道稳定边界有显著影响,正攻角状态下,进口一弯下壁面及鼓包后的上壁面更易发生分离,导致失稳流量点提前,进气道性能对流量扰动更为敏感。研究明确了进气道小流量失稳的核心物理机制,为复杂工况下进气系统的稳态设计与稳定性提供了理论支撑。
王博仪 , 王利敏 , 王立波 , 谭慧俊 , 汪昆 . 亚声速异形进气道小流量失稳特性[J]. 航空学报, 2026 , 47(7) : 632715 -632715 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32715
Irregular inlets can enhance the stealth capability of aircraft, but their complex flow structures may lead to instability under low flow rate conditions, thus affecting the normal operation of the engine. Numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the flow characteristics and performance behavior of an irregular inlet, with particular focus on its instability mechanism under throttled (low flow rate) conditions. The results indicate that under the high flow rate condition, local transonic regions appear within the duct, leading to a reduction in the total pressure recovery coefficient, whereas under the low flow rate condition, the inlet boundary layer flow is subjected to a strong adverse pressure gradient near the throat, which induces boundary layer separation. The multiple vortex structures within the internal duct cross-section gradually merge into a single vortex structure, significantly increasing the total pressure loss and posing challenges for engine matching. Furthermore, the angle of attack has a pronounced impact on the inlet’s stability boundary. At positive angles of attack, separation is more likely to occur on the lower wall of the first bend and the upper wall downstream of the bulge, leading to an earlier onset of flow instability and increased sensitivity of inlet performance to flow disturbances. This study clarifies the core physical mechanisms responsible for low-flow-rate instability in shaped inlets and provides theoretical guidance for robust inlet design and stability management under complex operating conditions.
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