针对我国军机炮振环境筛选试验中通用谱与实测数据偏差显著的问题，本研究通过实测某型飞机设备舱炮振响应，发现其采用随机振动形式无法表征真实冲击脉冲特性，且幅值偏差达5倍以上，导致能量匹配失准与结构累积损伤评估失效。基于炮振实测数据构建冲击响应谱（SRS），并在实测受限时结合扩展工况传递路径分析（OPAX）方法进行响应预计，通过有限元仿真与实验室试验验证，结果表明：SRS合成波形与实测数据在脉冲形态、幅值趋势上高度一致（能量误差<15%），且其应变响应可有效包络实测波动范围。研究表明，SRS通过多脉冲能量统计与结构动力学耦合，精准复现了真实炮振环境的动态特性，结合OPAX方法对炮振高影响区响应的预计能力，填补了国内炮振环境谱编制与响应预计的工程化应用的技术空白，为军机结构与机载设备提供了科学、标准化的试验方法，显著提升了装备环境适应性试验的精准性和工程实用性。

It is widely used the gunfire environment general spectrum, which is regulated in the GJB (Military Standard Quality Management System) in carrying out the gunfire environmental screening test of the airframe structure and airborne equipment. However, practical applications reveal significant discrepancies between this spectrum and real-world gunfire vibration environments, leading to substantial energy mismatch (amplitude differences exceeding fivefold) and failure in accurately evaluating structural cumulative damage. To address these issues, this study conducted gunfire vibration measurements on an aircraft equipment cabin. The results demonstrated that the traditional random vibration-based general spectrum cannot characterize the real shock pulse characteristics. Subsequently, a Shock Response Spectrum (SRS) was constructed based on measured data. The Operational Path Analysis with eXogenous inputs（OPAX）method was further applied to predict responses in high-impact zones where direct measurement is restricted. Finite element simulations and laboratory experiments were employed to validate the SRS method. The findings revealed:1）The SRS-derived waveform exhibited high consistency with measured data in terms of pulse morphology and amplitude trends (energy matching error <15%); 2）The SRS strain responses effectively enveloped the full range of transient shock test results. This study further established that SRS, by integrating multi-pulse energy statistics with structural dynamics coupling, precisely replicates the dynamic characteristics of real gunfire environments. Combined with OPAX predictions, the approach fills the technical gap in domestic engineering applications of gunfire vibration spectra and response estimation. It fills the technical gap in domestic engineering applications of gunfire vibration spectra and provides a scientific, standardized testing methodology for evaluating the reliability of aircraft structures and airborne equipment. The proposed approach significantly enhances the precision and practicality of environmental adaptability verification for defense systems.