无人机集群的干扰管理:机理、技术与挑战
收稿日期: 2025-03-25
修回日期: 2025-04-21
录用日期: 2025-06-21
网络出版日期: 2025-07-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金重点项目(62331027)
Interference management for UAV swarms: Fundamental mechanisms, techniques, and challenges
Received date: 2025-03-25
Revised date: 2025-04-21
Accepted date: 2025-06-21
Online published: 2025-07-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(62331027)
随着低空经济纳入国家战略性新兴产业发展规划并迅速发展,无人机(UAV)集群凭借其分布式协同优势,正成为突破单体UAV感知盲区与算力瓶颈的核心技术范式。UAV集群在自主或半自主模式下运行,通过动态组网、数据共享和任务协同,在广域遥感监测、城市物流配送、灾害三维重建等领域突破了单UAV系统执行任务效能的上限,展现出广泛的应用前景。然而,随着UAV的大规模部署,UAV集群面临的干扰效应日趋复杂,不仅表现为电磁干扰在频域和时域上持续扩展,还包括传感器异构引发的感知数据冲突、气象与地形变化导致环境的不确定性。干扰因素在UAV集群通信、感知和控制等功能环节交织叠加,形成了复杂的干扰效应,削弱了UAV集群执行任务的鲁棒性,制约了其在高可靠应用场景中的深入应用。面向复杂干扰条件下UAV集群的鲁棒性需求,重点研究分析3类主要干扰:电磁干扰、感知误差和环境变化。针对性地提出UAV集群在通信、感知和控制环节进行干扰管理的机理;凝练总结UAV集群协同进行干扰管理的技术体系;对比分析现有技术路径的现状与适用情况,揭示其面临的挑战,展示未来的演进方向。为构建高可靠UAV集群提供理论支撑与技术路径参考。
赵良瑾 , 仝昊楠 , 苑子杨 , 李昀镀 , 张晓典 , 成培瑞 . 无人机集群的干扰管理:机理、技术与挑战[J]. 航空学报, 2025 , 46(23) : 632022 -632022 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32022
With the rapid integration of low-altitude economy into national strategic emerging industries development plans, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms, leveraging the advantages of distributed collaboration, have emerged as a pivotal technological paradigm to overcome the sensing limitations and computational bottlenecks of single-UAV systems. Operating in autonomous or semi-autonomous modes, UAV swarms achieve enhanced mission performance through dynamic networking, data sharing, and task coordination. These advancements have unlocked unprecedented efficiency in applications such as large-scale remote sensing monitoring, urban logistics delivery, and disaster-induced 3D reconstruction, surpassing the operational limits of individual UAV systems. However, with the large-scale deployment of UAVs, the interference effects faced by UAV swarms have become increasingly complex. These include not only the expansion of electromagnetic interference due to spectrum overlap and dense communication links, but also the spatiotemporal inconsistency of heterogeneous sensing data caused by sensor diversity and transmission latency, as well as the reduced adaptability of UAV swarms to dynamic environments influenced by weather and terrain variations. These interference factors interact and accumulate across the communication, sensing, and control functions of UAVs, forming complex interference effects that undermine the robustness of UAV swarm task execution and hinder their application in high-reliability scenarios. Robustness requirements for UAV clusters under complex interference, we systematically analyze interference from communication, sensing, and environmental factors, and proposes targeted interference management mechanisms across the communication, sensing, and control layers of UAV swarms. We consolidate a technology framework encompassing both individual UAV and swarm-level collaborative anti-interference strategies, critically evaluate the state-of-the-art approaches, and identify their limitations. Furthermore, we highlight unresolved challenges and propose future research directions, to provide theoretical foundations and technical guidelines for building highly reliable UAV swarm systems.
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