民航自主运行是一种以机载端飞行员为核心决策主体，配备以精准运行态势感知、可靠决策支持、先进航空器控制系统的未来航行新模式。推进民航自主运行旨在突破现行空域容量与航空运输效率，降低管制员工作负荷，提升航班飞行绩效。详细梳理并系统化定义了民航自主运行基本概念与关键运行特征；结合中国民航产业发展现状、世界先进空中交通管理改革趋势，分析了国家推进民航自主运行所需态势感知、决策支持、间隔保持等关键技术，以及该模式所需飞行机载端、地面管制端配套设施；进一步基于现行国家空中交通管理体制，设计了推进民航自主运行的基础建设方案与运行管控模式。总体而言，面向未来高密度、大流量民航运输需求，推动民航空中交通管理整体性、系统性的改革势在必为，而伴随着空中交通管理理念、智能决策支持算法、通信控制系统的不断革新，自主运行模式将有望成为多项民航先进技术的部署与集成载体，引领我国乃至世界航空运输服务保障能力实现质的飞跃。

Autonomous operation of civil aviation is a new mode of future air traffic management (ATM), where the onboard pilot is the central decision-maker, supported by precise situation awareness, reliable decision-making support, and an ad-vanced ATM system. It aims to overcome the limitations of airspace capacity and efficiency, reduce the workload of air traffic controllers, and enhance the merit of the flight. This paper systematically defines the concept and characteristics of the autonomous operation mode. It outlines the key technologies needed to implement autonomous operations, such as situational awareness, decision-making support, and safety interval maintenance based on the current development of China's civil aviation industry and global trends in ATM reforms. Furthermore, we propose the necessary infrastructure for both onboard and ground-based systems, and a development plan for promoting autonomous operation, considering the existing ATM system. Finally, in response to future high-density and high-volume aviation transport demands, it is inevitable to drive comprehensive and systematic reforms in ATM systems of civil aviation. With continuous innovations in air traffic operation systems, advanced intelligent algorithms for decision-making support, and communication capabili-ties, autonomous operations are expected to become a platform for deploying and integrating multiple advanced technol-ogies, ultimately leading to a significant breakthrough in air traffic capabilities in China and even the world.