针对执行侦察和攻击任务的多用途无人机(UAV)开展了模块化布局气动设计研究,结合内部布置特点将主要部件分为共用、专用和通用3类模块,完成了前机身、机翼和尾翼的多种模块方案设计分析,并从气动角度筛选了最佳的专用和通用模块划分方案,利用基于代理模型的多目标优化平台,从布局和部件两个层面搭建了模块耦合优化设计流程,以现有典型无人机布局为参照,完成了多用途无人机模块化布局优化设计以及气动特性的对比评估。研究表明,作为专用模块的攻击构型前机身优选保证容积要求的短机身方案,作为通用模块的机翼优选侦察构型为前缘拐折平直翼、攻击构型为后掠梯形翼的模块划分方案,作为通用模块的尾翼优选变外形、变倾角的模块划分方案。针对通用模块的模块耦合优化设计能够有效提高侦察构型和攻击构型的升阻比,实现多用途无人机综合气动性能最优。
The aerodynamic design of the configuration with modular components is investigated for the multi-mission Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) performing reconnaissance and strike missions. Based on the internal layout features, the aircraft major components can be divided into three types:common modules, special modules, and general modules. Various module partition methods for the forebody, wing and tail are analyzed, and the best partition methods for special and general modules are chosen according to aerodynamic characteristics. On the basis of the surrogate-based multi-objective optimization platform, module coupling optimization processes are developed in the configuration and component levels. The aerodynamic characteristics of the proposed design is assessed by a comparison with the current typical UAV configurations. The results show that the scheme of shorter length but the same volume is the optimal selection for the forebody of the strike configuration regarded as a special module, the straight wing with inflection leading edge and the sweptback trapezoidal wing are the optimal schemes respectively for the reconnaissance configuration and the strike configuration regarded as general modules, and adjustable shape and variable dihedral angle tail are the optimal scheme for the tail regarded as a general module. Module coupling optimization for general modules can effectively improve the lift-drag ratio of both the reconnaissance and strike configurations, and achieve the best aerodynamic performance of multi-mission UAV.
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