旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降飞行器概念设计研究
收稿日期: 2015-09-03
修回日期: 2015-11-26
网络出版日期: 2015-12-04
基金资助
北京航空航天大学凡舟基金;北京航空航天大学研究生创新实践基金项目(YCSJ-01-201515)
Conceptual design of rotary wing and fixed wing compound VTOL aircraft
Received date: 2015-09-03
Revised date: 2015-11-26
Online published: 2015-12-04
Supported by
"Fanzhou" Education Fund of Beihang University;Graduate Innovative Practice Fund Project of Beihang University(YCSJ-01-201515)
近些年来垂直起降(VTOL)飞行器发展迅速,并获得了一些突破性进展,但仍有许多尚未解决的问题。结合旋翼机和固定翼飞机的优点,提出一种旋翼固定翼复合式飞行器布局方案,兼具优异的垂直起降性能及高速飞行能力,具有转换过渡稳定平滑、可控性强的特点。在该旋翼固定翼复合式布局中,特型旋翼可旋转以提供垂直升力,也可停转、锁定与固定式机翼保持平行,最终转换为固定翼面使得飞机转换为固定翼布局,并在机翼上布置矢量推力装置,实现高速飞行。概念设计研究围绕设计方法、特型旋翼、矢量推力系统等关键技术展开,并开展了平飞模式飞行特性、垂直起降模式飞行特性、航程、航时以及飞行操纵等性能的分析。通过试制小型原理验证机,并对各飞行状态及转换过渡飞行进行飞行试验,验证了该布局的可行性。结合实际算例展开分析计算,验证了该方案设计方法的准确性和实用性。
张啸迟 , 万志强 , 章异嬴 , 杨超 . 旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降飞行器概念设计研究[J]. 航空学报, 2016 , 37(1) : 179 -192 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2015.0322
Vertical takeoff and landing(VTOL) aircraft technology has been developed rapidly in recent years with some breakthroughs and also unsolved issues.A rotary wing and fixed wing compound VTOL aircraft configuration is proposed,which combines the advantages of rotorcraft and fixedwing aircraft.It possesses the performance of VTOL capability and high-speed cruise.And the stability and controllability of conversion flight benefits from this configuration.The multifunctional rotary wing rotates for lift and transforms to a fixed wing surface in high-speed flight while the vectored thrust appliance provides axial thrust.A specific conceptual design method and the key technologies for this type of VTOL aircraft are discussed.The specializations of the conceptual design for airframe aerodynamics,the multifunctional rotary wing,vectored thrust appliance and power system are illustrated.The manipulation theory,flight characters and the performances of horizontal flight mode,vertical flight mode and conversion flight are analyzed.A prototype is manufactured.The results of primary flight tests prove the feasibility of this configuration.And a design example has been analyzed according to this method.The accuracy and practicality are proved by the results.
[1] 王冠林,武哲.垂直起降无人机总体方案分析及控制策略综合研究[J].飞机设计,2006(3):25-30.WANG G L,WU Z.Configurations and control strategy for VTOL UAVs[J].Aircraft Design.2006(3):25-30(in Chinese).
[2] 王焕瑾,高正.高速直升机方案研究[J].飞行力学,2005,23(1):38-42.WANG H J,GAO Z.Research on the scheme of a high-speed helicopter[J].Flight Dynamics,2005,23(1):38-42(in Chinese).
[3] 吕健.垂直起落无人机总体方案设计与研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2001:1-4.LYU J.Conceptual design and researche on the scheme of VTOL UAV[D].Xi'an:Northwesten Polytechnical University,2001:1-4(in Chinese).
[4] 陈全龙,韩景龙,员海玮.前行桨叶概念旋翼动力学分析方法[J].航空学报,2014,35(9):2451-2460.CHEN Q L,HAN J L,YUN H W.Analytical method for advancing blade concept rotor dynamics[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(9):2451-2460(in Chinese).
[5] BVHLER M,NEWMAN S J.The aerodynamics of the compound helicopter configuration[J].The Aeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society,1996,100(994):111-120.
[6] ORCHARD M N,NEWMAN S J.The compound helicopter-why have we not succeeded before?[J].The Aeronautical Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society,1999,103(1028):489-495.
[7] STEVEN M B,THOMAS T,JOHN W R.Fixed-wingperformance predictions of the canard rotor/wing concept based on wind tunnel test results[C]//13th Applied Aerodymanics Coference.Reston:AIAA,1995.
[8] GU S F.Aircraft conceptual design[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2001:11-49,170-184,294-319,346-403(in Chinese).顾诵芬.飞机总体设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001:11-49,170-184,294-319,346-403.
[9] 《飞机设计手册》总编委会.飞机设计手册6气动设计[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000:1-322.Aircraft Design Handbook Total Editorial Board.Aircraft design handbook 6 aerodynamic design[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2000:1-322(in Chinese).
[10] 王强,陈铭,徐冠峰.复合式共轴直升机过渡模式的操纵策略[J].航空动力学报,2014,29(2):458-466.WANG Q,CHEN M,XU G F.Control strategy for compound coaxial helicopter under conversion mode[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2014,29(2):458-466(in Chinese).
[11] 章异嬴.旋翼固定翼复合式无人飞行器气动弹性分析[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2014:33-40.ZHANG Y Y.Aeroelastic analysis of rotor and fixed-wing combined VTOL UAV [D].Beijing:Beihang University,2014:33-40(in Chinese).
[12] 朱凌军,复合式高速直升机悬停状态旋翼/机翼气动干扰研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2005:31-52.ZHU L J.The wing-rotor aerodynamic interaction of the compound helicopter in hover[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2005:31-52(in Chinese).
[13] 万佳,陈铭.复合式直升机前飞状态旋翼-机翼干扰计算分析[J].航空动力学报,2009,24(11):2460-2464.WAN J,CHEN M.Rotor-wing interaction analysis of a compound helicopterin forward flight[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2009,24(11):2460-2464(in Chinese).
[14] 李春华,徐国华.倾转旋翼机旋翼对机翼气动干扰的建模及分析[J].空气动力学学报,2008,26(2):156-162.LI C H,XU G H.Rotor/wing aerodynamic interaction modeling and analysis of tiltrotor airceraft[J].Acta Aerodynamica Sinica,2008,26(2):156-162(in Chinese).
[15] 徐恺.倾转旋翼飞行器旋翼/机翼/机身气动干扰计算[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2007:32-53.XU K.Calculation of the aerodynamic interaction between rotor/wing/fuselage of tilt-rotor[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2007:32-53(in Chinese).
[16] 赵飞龙.鸭式旋翼/机翼飞行器流场及气动特性分析研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2010:28-63.ZHAO F L.Research on the flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics of canard rotor/wing aircraft[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2010:28-63(in Chinese).
[17] 李毅波,马东立,牛凌宇.鸭式旋翼/机翼飞行器转换末段气动特性[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2011,37(3):311-315.LI Y B,MA D L,NIU L Y.Aerodynamic characteristic of canard rotor/wing aircraft in conversion[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2011,37(3):311-315(in Chinese).
[18] 王适存.直升机空气动力学[M].北京:航空专业教材编审组,1985:2-55.WANG S C.Helicopter aerodynamics[M].Beijing:Aviation Professional Teaching Materials Editing Group,1985:2-55(in Chinese).
[19] LEE J W,JEON K S,KIM M,et al.Rotordesign for the performance optimation of canard rotor/wing aircraft[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2006,3984:932-941.
[20] KWON K,PARK S O.Aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil at low Reynolds number[J].AIAA Journal 2005,42(6):1642-1644.
[21] 邓阳平,高正红,詹浩.两种椭圆翼型高速气动特性实验研究[J].实验力学,2009,24(2):103-107.DENG Y P,GAO Z H,ZHAN H.Research on aerodynamic characters of two elliptic airfoil[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2009,24(2):103-107(in Chinese).
[22] 邓阳平.新概念旋转机翼飞机旋翼技术研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2006:17-30.DENG Y P.Research on rotor technology of new concept rotor/wing aircraft[D].Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2006:17-30(in Chinese).
[23] NIELSEN J W,JACK N.Circulation control airfoils as applied to rotary-wing aircraft[J].Journal of Aircraft,1986,23(12):865-875.
[24] ROBERT N,GEORGE J,FARHAN G.Leading-and trailing-edge reversal of a cambered airfoil for stopped rotors[C]//56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures,Structural Dynamics,and Materials Conference.Reston:AIAA,2015.
[25] 《飞机设计手册》总编委会.飞机设计手册19直升机设计[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2000:12-171.Aircraft Design Handbook Total Editorial Board.Aircraft design handbook 19 helicopter design[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2000:12-171(in Chinese).
[26] 路录祥,王新洲,王贯波.直升机结构与设计[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2009:79-131.LU Y X,WANG X Z,WANG G B.Helicopter structure and design[M].Beijing:Aviation Industry Press,2009:79-131(in Chinese).
[27] 张呈林,郭才根.直升机总体设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006:40-68.ZHANG C L,GUO C G.Helicopter preliminary design [M].National Beijing:Defense Industry Press,2006:40-68(in Chinese).
[28] 方振平,陈万春,张曙光.航空飞行器飞行动力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:23-165.FANG Z P,CHEN W C,ZHAGN S G.Aircraft flight dynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2005:23-165(in Chinese).
[29] 曹义华.直升机飞行力学[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:154-183.CAO Y H.Helicopter flight dynamics[M].Beijing:Beihang University Press,2005:154-183(in Chinese).
[30] 刘成.ZF-1型高速直升机初步方案设计研究[D].南京:南京航空航天大学,2012:39-51.LIU C.Research on preliminary design of ZF-1 type high-speed helicopter[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2012:39-51(in Chinese).
[31] 张啸迟.旋翼固定翼复合式垂直起降无人飞行器总体设计[D].北京:北京航空航天大学,2014:9-57.ZHANG X C.Conceptual design of rotor and fixed wing combined VTOL UAV[D].Beijing:Beihang University,2014:9-57(in Chinese).
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA