飞机作战生存力分析方法研究进展与挑战
收稿日期: 2015-09-01
修回日期: 2015-10-12
网络出版日期: 2015-11-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(11472214);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(310201401JCQ01004)
Analysis method of aircraft combat survivability:Progress and challenge
Received date: 2015-09-01
Revised date: 2015-10-12
Online published: 2015-11-13
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(11472214);The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(310201401JCQ01004)
军用飞机在执行作战任务过程中,常常会与武器系统遭遇,如何分析其生存能力从而进行改进设计一直是航空领域的研究难点。回顾了作战生存力研究的历史与现状,从敏感性计算和易损性计算两方面总结了生存力的定量分析方法,重点综述了基本信号探测敏感性模型、雷达对抗下的敏感性模型、红外对抗下的敏感性模型,以及部件间弹道遮挡关系确定、部件毁伤测度与判据、重叠及高维空间易损性计算、薄弱部位确定方法等方面取得的新进展。在此基础上,针对未来体系对抗与先进武器环境,提出了生存力研究需要关注和解决的问题,包括网络与信息战下的敏感性分析、敏感性对抗装置的效益代价与权衡设计、部件易损性毁伤机理与判据、先进武器及多因素耦合下的易损性分析以及大数据背景下的性能降级易损性研究等。
裴扬 , 宋笔锋 , 石帅 . 飞机作战生存力分析方法研究进展与挑战[J]. 航空学报, 2016 , 37(1) : 216 -234 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2015.0275
Military aircraft always encounters the weapon systems when performing its combat mission.Survivability analysis for aircraft design improvements has become a hot topic in aeronautical field.The research history and current advances are reviewed in this paper.The quantitative analysis methods of survivability are summarized from two aspects,susceptibility and vulnerability.Attentions are paid to the following research process including detection susceptibility models of typical signal sources,susceptibility models under the radar countermeasures,susceptibility assessment methods under the infrared countermeasures;and determining the shielding or masking relationships among components,component kill criteria and metrics,vulnerability computation methods for shielding components and high-dimensional states,method for finding the most vulnerable regions or components,et al.Furthermore,considering the system-of-system combat and advanced weapon system in the future,the problems of survivability assessment deserving further investigations are proposed,such as the susceptibility assessment method under the Network Centric Warfare,payoff and trade studies for selection of susceptibility countermeasures and devices,the damage mechanism and kill criteria of vulnerable components,vulnerability assessment method under advanced weapons and the coupling of multiple damage mechanisms,degraded states vulnerability analysis under the context of big data,and so on.
Key words： survivability; vulnerability; susceptibility; kill criteria; countermeasures
[1] CASTET J,SALEHJ H.On the concept of survivability,with application to spacecraft and space-based networks[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2012,99:123-138.
[2] KIM J Y,LEE K T.Evaluation of the combat aircraft susceptibility against surface-based threat using the weighted score algorithm[J].International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences,2011,12(4):396-402.
[3] SONAWANE H R,MAHULIKAR S.Tactical air warfare:Generic model for aircraft susceptibility to infrared guided missiles[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2011,15(4):249-260.
[4] BALL R E.The fundamentals of aircraft combat survivability analysis and design[M].Reston:AIAA,2003.
[5] BALL R E.A history of the survivability design of military aircraft:AlAA-1995-1421[R].Reston:AIAA,1995.
[6] BEIN D P.A review of the history of fire suppression on U.S.DoD aircraft:0704-0188[R].Washington,D.C.:Directorate for Information Operations and Reports,2007.
[7] 宋笔锋,张彬乾,韩忠华.大型客机总体设计准则与概念创新[J].航空学报,2008,29(3):583-594.SONG B F,ZHANG B Q,HAN Z H.The study of concept design criteria for large-scale passenger aircraft with new technologies[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(3):583-594(in Chinese).
[8] SOBAN D S,MAVRIS D N.Methodology for assessing survivability tradeoffs in the preliminary design:2000-01-5589[R].Reston:AIAA,2000.
[9] 沈林成,陈憬,王楠.飞行器任务规划技术综述[J].航空学报,2014,35(3):593-606.SHEN L C,CHEN J,WANG N.Overview of air vehicle mission planning techniques[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(3):593-606(in Chinese).
[10] ANAWAT P,ROLF R.Real-time planning for multiple autonomous vehicles in dynamic uncertain environments[J].Journal of Aerospace Computing,Information,and Communication,2014,1:580-604.
[11] EUGENE E,TAL S.Integrated task assignment and path optimization for cooperating uninhabited aerial vehicles using genetic algorithms[J].Computers & Operations Research,2011,38(1):340-356.
[12] 张彬乾,罗烈,陈真利,等.飞翼布局隐身优化设计[J].航空学报,2014,35(4):957-967.ZHANG B Q,LUO L,CHEN Z L,et al.On stealth airfoil optimization design for flying wing configuration[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(4):957-967(in Chinese).
[13] ZHANG J Z,PAN C X,SHAN Y.Progress in helicopter infrared signature suppression[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2014,27(2):189-199.
[14] CHEN W T,STEWART K M E,MANSOUR R R,et al.Novel undercoupled radio-frequency(RF) resonant sensor for gaseous ethanol and interferents detection[J].Sensors and Actuators A:Physical,2015,230:63-73.
[15] 杨宇晓,周建江,陈卫东,等.基于空间信息的射频隐身数据链最优能量控制算法[J].宇航学报,2013,34(7):1008-1013.YANG Y X,ZHOU J J,CHEN W D,et al.An optimal energy control algorithm for radio frequency stealth datalink based on spatial information[J].Journal of Astronautics,2013,34(7):1008-1013(in Chinese).
[16] 张杰,汪飞,阮淑芬.基于射频隐身的相控阵雷达搜索控制参量优化设计[J].数据采集与处理,2014,29(4):636-641.ZHANG J,WANG F,RUAN S F.Optimization design for search control parameter of phased array radar based on RF stealth[J].Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing,2014,29(4):636-641(in Chinese).
[17] 曲长文,向迎春.基于目标RCS特性的有源对消隐身分析[J].雷达科学与技术,2010,8(2):109-112.QU C W,XIANG Y C.Active cancellation stealth analysis based on RCS characteristic of target[J].Radar Science and Technology,2010,8(2):109-112(in Chinese).
[18] 陈志刚.定向红外干扰技术的发展动向与分析[J].舰船电子工程,2014,34(6):34-37.CHEB Z G.Development trend and analysis of the IR decoy anti-jamming technology[J].Ship Electronic Engineering,2014,34(6):34-37(in Chinese).
[19] 范晋祥,李亮,李文军.定向红外对抗系统与技术的发展[J].红外与激光工程,2015,44(3):789-794.FAN J X,LI L,LI W J.Development of direct infrared countermeasure system and technology[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2015,44(3):789-794(in Chinese).
[20] 杨爱粉,张佳,李刚,等.用于定向红外对抗的中波红外激光器技术[J].应用光学,2015,36(1):119-125.YANG A F,ZHANG J,LI G,et al.Technology of MWIR laser in directed infrared countermeasure systems[J].Journal of Applied Optics,2015,36(1):119-125(in Chinese).
[21] GONZALES D,HOLLYWOOD J,KINGTON G,et al.Network centric operations case study air-to-air combat with and without LInk16:ADA437368[R].Santa Monica,CA:RAND Corporation,2005.
[22] MARSHALL A W.Measuring the effects of network-centric warfare:ADA401399[R].Virginia:Booz Allen & Hamilton Inc.,1999.
[23] NITA L M,LAWRENCE G S.A dynamic process model for the design and assessment of network centric systems[R].California:Naval Postgraduate School,2006.
[24] YUE K Z,LIU W L,LI G X,et al.Numerical simulation of RCS for carrier electronic warfare airplanes[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2015,28(2):545-555.
[25] 朱宝鎏.作战飞机效能评估[M].北京:航空工业出版社,2006.ZHU B L.Efficiency assessment of combat aircraft[M].Beijing:China Aviation Publishing house,2006(in Chinese).
[26] 陈世春,黄沛霖,姬金祖.从探测概率的角度评价飞机的隐身性能[J].航空学报,2015,36(4):1150-1161.CHEN S C,HUANG P L,JI J Z.Evaluating aircraft's stealth performance form the erspective of detection probability[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2015,36(4):1150-1161(in Chinese).
[27] 陈世春,黄沛霖,姬金祖.典型隐身飞视的RCS起伏统汁特性[J].航空学报,2014,35(12):3304-3314.CHEN S C,HUANG P L,JI J Z.Radar cross section fluctuation characteristics of typical stealth aircraft[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(12):3304-3314(in Chinese).
[28] 石帅,宋笔锋,裴扬,等.基于Agent理论的飞机敏感性评估方法[J].航空学报,2014,35(2):444-453.SHI S,SONG B F,PEI Y,et al.Assessment method of aircraft susceptibility based on agent theory[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(2):444-453(in Chinese).
[29] HOU X Y,MORINAGA N,NAMEKAWA T.Direet evaluation of radar deteetion probabilities[J].IEEE Transaetions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,1987,23(4):418-424.
[30] 李云龙,赵宏钟.基于K分布雷达海杂波建模与仿真[J].制导与引信,2011,32(2):14-20.LI Y L,ZHAO H Z.Modeling and simulation of radar sea clutter based on K-distribution[J].Guidance & Fuze,2011,32(2):14-20(in Chinese).
[31] 张国,鲁卫红,童宁宁.相关Weibull分布杂波的分析及改进模型[J].现代防御技术,2010,38(1):109-112.ZHANG G,LU W H,TONG N N.Analysis of correlated weibull clutter and improved model[J].Modern Defense Technology,2010,38(1):109-112(in Chinese).
[32] 王国良,申绪涧,汪连栋,等.基于秩K融合规则的组网雷达系统干扰效果评估[J].系统仿真学报,2009,21(23):7678-7680.WANG G L,SHEN X J,WANG L D,et al.Effect evaluation for noise blanket jamming against netted radars based on rank K information fusion rules[J].Journal of System Simulation,2009,21(23):7678-7680(in Chinese).
[33] 韩国玺,何俊,祁建清.基于秩K准则的网络雷达对抗系统融合发现概率计算模型[J].海军工程大学学报,2014,26(1):64-70.HAN G X,HE J,QI J Q.Fused detection probability model of NRCS based on rank K criterion[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2014,26(1):64-70(in Chinese).
[34] 曲兆俊,张二磊,周方方.F35隐身战斗机红外辐射特性建模[J].红外技术,2014,36(11):920-925.QU Z J,ZHANG E L,ZHOU F F.Modeling infrared radiation characteristics for F35 stealth fighter[J].Infrared Technology,2014,36(11):920-925(in Chinese).
[35] SHRIPAD P M,HEMANT R S,RAO G A.Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles[J].Progress in Aerospace Sciences,2007,43(7-8):218-245.
[36] 冯云松,金伟,路远,等.红外探测系统对某型隐身飞机的作用距离分析[J].火力与指挥控制,2014,39(1):153-156.FENG Y S,JIN W,LU Y,et al.Operating range analysis of infrared detection system to a stealth aircraft[J].Fire Control & Command Control,2014,39(1):153-156(in Chinese).
[37] NIDHI B,SHRIPAD P M.Aircraft engine's infrared lock-on range due to back pressure penalty from choked convergent nozzle[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2014,39:377-383.
[38] RAO G A,SHRIPAD P M.New criterion for aircraft susceptibility to infrared guided missiles[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2005,9(8):701-712.
[39] 李军.隐身飞机空面作战生存力的定量计算和综合评价研究[D].西安:西北工业大学,2012.LI J.Research on quantitative computation and integrated assessment of stealth aircraft's air-surface combat survivability[D].Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2012(in Chinese).
[40] 杨红兵,周建江,汪飞,等.噪声调制连续波雷达信号波形射频隐身特性[J].航空学报,2011,32(6):1102-1111.YANG H B,ZHOU J J,WANG F,et al.RF stealth characteristic of noise modulated continuous wave radar signals[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2011,32(6):1102-1111(in Chinese).
[41] 廖雯雯,程婷,何子述.MIMO雷达射频隐身性能优化的目标跟踪算法[J].航空学报,2014,35(4):1134-1141.LIAO W W,CHENG T,HE Z S.A target tracking algorithm for RF stealth performance optimization of MIMO radar[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(4):1134-1141(in Chinese).
[42] 杨红兵,周建江,汪飞,等.飞机射频隐身表征参量及其影响因素分析[J].航空学报,2010,31(10):2040-2045.YANG H B,ZHOU J J,WANG F,et al.Characterization parameters of warplane RF stealth and analysis of its affecting factors[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2010,31(10):2040-2045(in Chinese).
[43] 党晓江,李政杰,王强.新的箔条云全空域极化散射模型及仿真分析[J].现代防御技术,2014,42(4):185-192.DANG X J,LI Z J,WANG Q.New omnibearing model and its simulation analysis of chaff[J].Modern Defense Technology,2014,42(4):185-192(in Chinese).
[44] 吴畏.箔条干扰条件下舰空导弹单发杀伤概率计算[J].现代防御技术,2013,41(3):180-184.WU W.Calculation method of the single continuous fire kill probability of ship to air missile under chaff jamming conditions[J].Modern Defense Technology,2013,41(3):180-184(in Chinese).
[45] 汪中贤,韩磊,史建军,等.用于新型雷达/红外无源复合诱饵的等离子体参数选择[J].上海航天,2012,29(2):36-41.WANG Z X,HAN L,SHI J J,et al.Parameters choice radar and of plasma for new types of passive infrared compound decoy[J].Aerospace Shanghai,2012,29(2):36-41(in Chinese).
[46] 唐翥,张兵,张新勋,等.雷达有源干扰信号建模仿真及系统设计[J].火力与指挥控制,2014,39(9):169-174.TANG Z,ZHANG B,ZHANG X X,et al.Radar jamming signal modeling & simulation and system design[J].Fire Control & Command Control,2014,39(9):169-174(in Chinese).
[47] 成霄亮.制导雷达抗有源欺骗干扰方法研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2014.CHENG X L.Method study of anti-jamming of active deception in radar guidance[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2014(in Chinese).
[48] 石帅,宋笔锋,裴扬,等.基于数据链的飞机敏感性评估方法研究[J].西北工业大学学报,2015,33(5):811-818.SHI S,SONG B F,PEI Y,et al.Research of aircraft susceptibility assessment method based on the datalink[J].Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University,2015,33(5):811-818(in Chinese).
[49] ISAM A O,MUSTAFA O A,ABDELRASOUL J A.Active cancellation algorithm for radar cross section reduction[J].International Journal of Computational Engineering Research,2013,3(7):19-24.
[50] 朱敏,陈宇,杨春玲.红外诱饵弹干扰特性有限元建模[J].红外与激光工程,2013,42(8):1979-1986.ZHU M,CHEN Y,YANG C L.Infrared decoys interference characteristics of finite element modeling[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2013,42(8):1979-1986(in Chinese).
[51] 牛绿伟,董景渲.机载红外诱饵弹干扰效果研究与仿真[J].计算机仿真,2013,30(12):21-24.NIU L W,DONG J X.Research on jamming effectiveness of airborne infrared bait by simulation[J].Computer Simulation,2013,30(12):21-24(in Chinese).
[52] 童奇,李建勋,童中翔,等.机载红外诱饵作战使用方法[J].红外与激光工程,2015,44(2):419-427.TONG Q,LI J X,TONG Z X,et al.Combat operational method of airborne infrared decoy[J].Infrared and Laser Engineering,2015,44(2):419-427(in Chinese).
[53] 洪洋,张科,李言俊.红外诱饵的干扰模型与仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(2):463-466.HONG Y,ZHANG K,LI Y J.Simulation and jamming model of infrared bait[J].Journal of System Simulation,2006,18(2):463-466(in Chinese).
[54] 穆富岭,周经纶,罗鹏程.两点源干扰下的反辐射导弹误差距离进一步探讨[J].系统仿真学报,2008,20(7):1665-1668.MU F L,ZHOU J L,LUO P C.Further discussion on error distance of ARM disturbed by dual point-source[J].Journal of System Simulation,2008,20(7):1665-1668(in Chinese).
[55] 田晓飞,马丽华,洪华,等.半实物仿真中红外干扰机的模拟设计[J].激光与红外,2011,41(10):1122-1126.TIAN X F,MA L H,HONG H,et al.Design of infrared jammer in hardware-in-loop simulation[J].Laser & Infrared,2011,41(10):1122-1126(in Chinese).
[56] 马东立,刘亚枫,林鹏.航空拖曳诱饵系统的动态特性研究[J].航空学报,2014,35(1):161-170.MA D L,LIU Y F,LIN P.Study of dynamic characteristics of aeronautic towed decoy system[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2014,35(1):161-170(in Chinese).
[57] 唐聪,殷松峰,凌永顺,等.定向红外对抗系统干扰性能研究[J].激光与红外,2015,45(1):73-78.TANG C,YIN S F,LING Y S,et al.Study on jamming performance of DIRCM[J].Laser & Infrared,2015,45(1):73-78(in Chinese).
[58] KONOKMAN H E,KAYA M.Analysis of aircraft survivability against fragmenting warhead threat:AIAA-2014-0355[R].Reston:AIAA,2014.
[59] HARTMANN M.Component kill criteria--A literature review:FOI-R-2829-SE[R].Stockholm:Swedish Defense Research Agency,2009.
[60] ASADI D,SABZEHPARVAR M,TALEBI H A.Damaged airplane flight envelope and stability evaluation[J].Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology,2013,85(3):186-198.
[61] BIRK A M.Review of expanded aluminum products for explosion suppression in containers holding flammable liquids and gases[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2008,21(5):493-505.
[62] DISIMILE P J,TOY N.Liquid spurt caused by hydrodynamic ram[J].International Journal of Impact Engineering,2015,75:65-74.
[63] ERIKSSON I,HARTMANN M.A method of assessing kill criteria for critical components in survivability codes[C]//Proceedings of 3rd European Survivability Workshop.Toulouse:ENSICA,2006.
[64] GYLLENSPETZ I M,ZABEL P H.Comparison of US and Swedish aerial target vulnerability assessment methodologies:ADA095906[R].Alexandria:US Army Materiel Development & Readiness Comd,1980.
[65] HARLING S,TYBERG A.Fragment injury assessment,a growing need for new criteria[C]//Proceedings of 3rd European Survivability Workshop.Toulouse:ENSICA,2006.
[66] SHAH G H,HILL M A.Flight dynamics modeling and simulation of a damaged transport aircraft:AIAA-2012-4632[R].Reston:AIAA,2012.
[67] RENDER P M,PICKHAVER T W.The influence of hole orientation on the aerodynamics of battle damaged wings:AIAA-2012-2890[R].Reston:AIAA,2012.
[68] MENON P K,SENGUPTA P,VADDI S,et al.Impaired aircraft performance envelope estimation[J].Journal of Aircraft,2013,50(2):410-424.
[69] VARAS D,ZAERA R,LOPEZ-PUENTE J.Numerical modelling of partially filled aircraft fuel tanks submitted to hydrodynamic ram[J].Aerospace Science and Technology,2012,16(1):19-28.
[70] TALAFUSE T,HILL R R.Characterization of ballistic impact flashes empirical model development:AIAA-2011-1724[R].Reston:AIAA,2011.
[71] MOUSSA N A,WHALE M D,GROSZMANN D E.The potential for fuel tank fire and hydrodynamic ram from uncontained aircraft engine debris:DOT/FAA/AR-96/95[R].Washington,D.C.:Office of Aviation Research,1997.
[72] ZALOSH R G,FRIEDMAN R,HILL R G,et al.A review of the flammability hazard of jet a fuel vapor in civil transport aircraft fuel tanks:DOT/FAA/AR-98/26[R].Washington,D.C.:Office of Aviation Research,1998.
[73] 徐元铭,龙伟,王永庆.军机易损性分析中多重遮挡投影面积计算[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2002,28(2):245-248.XU Y M,LONG W,WANG Y Q.A new algorithm of multi-shadowed projective area and its application in fighter aircraft vulnerability analysis[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautic,2002,28(2):245-248(in Chinese).
[74] 裴扬,宋笔锋,李占科.一种航天器防护与遮挡的几何描述算法研究[J].中国空间科学技术,2004,10(5):56-61.PEI Y,SONG B F,LI Z K,et al.On geometric description algorithm of spacecraft shielding or masking[J].Chinese Space Science and Technology,2004,10(5):56-61(in Chinese).
[75] RICHARDSON S,HORTON R,LAWRENCE J,et al.An automated vulnerability assessment tool:AIAA-1996-1632[R].Reston:AIAA,1996.
[76] 王林,宫小泽,李晓辉,等.一种飞机目标暴露面积的简易工程计算方法[J].测试技术学报,2012,26(6):524-527.WANG L,GONG X Z,LI X H,et al.A simplified engineering calculation method for aircraft's presented area[J].Journal of Test and Measurement Technology,2012,26(6):524-527(in Chinese).
[77] PYLES J M,DISIMILE P J.Thermal model for ballistic impact flashes:AIAA-2011-1725[R].Reston:AIAA,2011.
[78] 李寿安,宋笔锋,李东霞.飞机在单个射弹打击下的生存概率分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2009,26(6):121-124.LI S A,SONG B F,LI D X.Survival probability analysis of aircraft under single shot[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2009,26(6):121-124(in Chinese).
[79] PEI Y,MENG H,SSONG B F.Shotline method for estimating aircraft infrared radiant intensity[J].Journal of Aircraft,2011,48(6),1928-1934.
[80] FENG L H,YAO X L,ZHANG A M.Vulnerability evaluation of aircraft guarantee system by improved fuzzy Petri Net[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2010,14(12):1371-1382.
[81] PEI Y,SONG B F,HAN Q,A generic calculation model for aircraft single-hit vulnerability assessment based on equivalent target[J].Chinese Journal of Aeronautics,2006,19(3):183-189.
[82] BUTKIEWICZ M T,BOWMAN W K.Zone-based modeling technique for vulnerability and lethality studies:AIAA-2005-2386[R].Reston:AIAA,2005.
[83] PEI Y,SONG B F.Aircraft vulnerable-area decomposition method in the overlapping region of components[J].Journal of Aircraft,2006,43(4):1138-1144.
[84] PEI Y,LI P,SONG B F.Kronecker product method for the exact solution of aircraft vulnerability[J].Journal of Aircraft,2012,49(1):337-341.
[85] 杨文青,宋笔锋,裴扬.基于易损面积分解的飞机多击中易损性评估的马尔可夫链法[J].航空学报,2007,28(2):319-323.YANG W Q,SONG B F,PEI Y.Markov Chain method for aircraft multiple hit vulnerability assessment based on vulnerable area decomposition[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2007,28(2):319-323(in Chinese).
[86] 杨哲,李曙林,周莉,等.部件重叠和二次杀伤条件下飞机多击中易损性评估方法[J].北京理工大学学报,2012,32(8):859-864.YANG Z,LI S L,ZHOU L,et al.Assessment of aircraft multiple-hit vulnerability under components overalpping and quadratic effect[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2012,32(8):859-864(in Chinese).
[87] PEI Y,SONG B F.Solving the combinatorial explosion problem when calculating the multiple-hit vulnerability of aircraft[J].Journal of Aircraft,2006,43(4):1190-1194.
[88] KIM S K,LI J H.Simplified vulnerability assessment procedure for a warship based on the vulnerable area approach[J].Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology,2012,26(7):2171-2181.
[89] 周智炫,黄洁,任磊生,等.卫星在空间碎片撞击下的易损性分析方法研究[J].实验流体力学,2014,28(3):87-92.ZHOU Z X,HUANG J,REN L S,et al.Research on vulnerability method for satellite impacted by space debris[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2014,28(3):87-92(in Chinese)
[90] Department of Defense Survivability aircraft nonnuclear general criteria[S].Washington,D.C.:Department of Defense,1988.
[91] PEI Y,SONG B F.Two general methods for calculating the aircraft equivalent singly vulnerable area[J].Journal of Aircraft,2006,43(5):1429-1433.
[92] WEISENBACH M R.Update on the Joint Aircraft Survivability Program(JASP):AIAA-2010-2570[R].Reston:AIAA,2010.
[93] FIELDING J P,NILUBOL O.Integration of survivability assessment into combat aircraft design for operational effectiveness:ICAS 2004-1.5.1[R].Yokohama:ICAS,2004.
[94] PEI Y,CHENG T.Importance measure method for ranking the aircraft component vulnerability[J].Journal of Aircraft,2014,51(1):273-279.
[95] FRANCIS M S.Unmanned air systems:Challenge and opportunity[J].Journal of Aircraft,2014,49(6):1652-1665.
[96] BRANHAM K.Vulnerability reduction(VR) overview and recent JASP investments[J].Aircraft Survivability Journal,2012(3):37-39.
[97] ABELL J M,BURDESHAW M D,Rickter B A.Degraded states vulnerability analysis:Phase Ⅱ-ADA231021[R].Maryland:Ballistic Research Laboratory,1990.
[98] 黄寒砚,王正明.武器毁伤效能评估综述及系统目标毁伤效能评估框架研究[J].宇航学报,2009,30(3):827-836.HUANG H Y,WANG Z M.Review of the damage efficiency assessment and framework of the damage efficiency assessment of system target[J].Journal of Astronautics,2009,30(3):827-836(in Chinese).
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
CJA