太阳能/氢能无人机总体设计与能源管理策略研究
收稿日期: 2015-08-20
修回日期: 2015-10-12
网络出版日期: 2015-10-26
Conceptual design and energy management strategy for UAV with hybrid solar and hydrogen energy
Received date: 2015-08-20
Revised date: 2015-10-12
Online published: 2015-10-26
针对小型低空长航时电动无人机需求,给出了太阳能/氢能混合能源动力系统集成方案和小型低空长航时无人机构型。针对典型任务剖面,综合考虑太阳能电池和氢燃料电池特性,提出了一种考虑全机重量能量耦合关系的总体设计方法和任务剖面驱动的能源管理策略;建立了能源系统模型,给出了能源控制流程,开发了能源管理仿真平台。以1.5 kg任务载荷为例,完成了无人机总体方案设计,仿真分析了各种能源特性对飞行结果的影响。结果表明:能源管理策略能够根据任务剖面的要求合理配置能源系统的功率,满足各阶段的功率需求;无人机在冬至日航时为21 h、夏至日可实现跨昼夜飞行;在能源系统重量相同情况下,该混合能源无人机的航时分别是纯锂电池无人机和燃料电池无人机的5.5倍和1.2倍。
刘莉 , 杜孟尧 , 张晓辉 , 张超 , 徐广通 , 王正平 . 太阳能/氢能无人机总体设计与能源管理策略研究[J]. 航空学报, 2016 , 37(1) : 144 -162 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2015.0273
According to the long-endurance demand of small low-altitude electric UAVs,a hybrid solar and hydrogen energy system and a configuration of long-endurance small low-altitude UAV is introduced.Based on the typical flight profile and the characteristics of solar cells and fuel cells,a conceptual design method which considers the coupling relationship of weight and energy and the corresponding profile-driven energy management strategy is proposed.Energy system models are built.Furthermore,an energy control procedure is provided,and a simulation platform for hybrid energy management is developed.For an instance,a configuration scheme of the UAV with 1.5 kg payload is achieved.Based on this case,the influences of the characteristics of the energy sources on the flight results are analyzed in the process of simulation.Results prove that the strategy of energy management is able to achieve an efficient power distribution in accordance with the flight profile as well as satisfies the power requirements of all stages.The endurance of the UAV reaches 21 h on winter solstice and a whole day and whole night on summer solstice.Under the same weight of energy systems,the endurance of the proposed hybrid-powered UAV is 5.5 times of the lithium battery powered UAV and 1.2 times of solar powered UAV,respectively.
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