复合结构喷管烧蚀形貌的测定及其对流场的影响
收稿日期: 2014-09-28
修回日期: 2014-11-24
网络出版日期: 2014-12-10
基金资助
总装备部十二五预研项目(404040301)
Measurement of erosion morphology in a composite structure nozzle and its influence on flow field
Received date: 2014-09-28
Revised date: 2014-11-24
Online published: 2014-12-10
Supported by
Pre-research Project of General Equipment Department During the Period of 12th Five Years (404040301)
为研究烧蚀形貌对固体火箭发动机喷管的影响,采用激光扫描技术对石墨/高硅氧复合结构喷管的烧蚀形貌进行了测量,测量结果显示:两种热防护材料的交界面处产生了烧蚀台阶,收敛段内烧蚀台阶在两种材料的交界面处,而扩张段内的烧蚀台阶在交界面下游。根据所测喷管的平均烧蚀速率,反推出3个不同时刻喷管的烧蚀型面,并以此为模型对流场进行数值模拟,研究烧蚀引起的喷管型面变化对喷管内流场、壁面传热及发动机性能造成的影响,计算结果表明:扩张段内的烧蚀台阶处会产生回流区,加剧当地对流换热,台阶附近还会形成膨胀波和斜激波,对主流区域造成显著影响;而收敛段内的烧蚀台阶对主流区影响较小,与烧蚀前相比,此处台阶上游对流换热强度减弱;烧蚀台阶的出现会改变喷管壁面处的压力分布,导致发动机出现推力损失。
刘锐 , 陈雄 , 周长省 , 李映坤 . 复合结构喷管烧蚀形貌的测定及其对流场的影响[J]. 航空学报, 2015 , 36(9) : 2958 -2967 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2014.0326
In order to study the influence of errosion morphology on the solid rocket motor nozzle, laser scan technique is used to measure the erosion morphology of a composite structure nozzle (made of silica-phenolic and graphite). The measured results show that erosion steps form on the interfaces of two materials. The erosion step presents on the interface in the convergent section, while the step in the divergent section is located at a certain distance downstream of the interface. The nozzle shapes at three different time instants are calculated based on the measured average erosion rates. Then numerical simulations are carried out based on the three nozzle geometries to investigate the influence of the nozzle shape-change caused by erosion on the fluid structure, the heat transfer on the wall and the thrust performance. The results show that a recirculation zone forms around the erosion step in the divergent section, resulting in an enhancement of local heat transfer; expansion waves and oblique shock form around the step and influence the structure of main stream dramatically. While the erosion step in convergent section exerts little influence on the flow field and the heat transfer is decreased in the upstream region of the erosion step. The presence of erosion steps changes the pressure distribution on the nozzle wall, causing a drop in the rocket thrust.
Key words： erosion; laser scan; composite structure nozzle; erosion step; shock wave
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