高性能大型金属构件激光增材制造：若干材料基础问题
收稿日期: 2014-07-22
修回日期: 2014-08-05
网络出版日期: 2014-08-08
基金资助
国家"973"计划（2011CB606305-2，2010CB731705）；国家"863"计划（SS2014AA041701）
Materials’ Fundamental Issues of Laser Additive Manufacturing for High-performance Large Metallic Components
Received date: 2014-07-22
Revised date: 2014-08-05
Online published: 2014-08-08
Supported by
National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB606305-2, 2010CB731705); National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (SS2014AA041701)
简要介绍了高性能大型金属构件激光增材制造的技术特点、国内外研究进展及技术发展面临的挑战，分析了大型金属构件激光增材制造的"高性能材料制备"与"复杂结构直接制造"有机融合、"控形/控性"一体化的独特特征。指出高性能大型关键金属构件激光增材制造技术的发展和工程应用，将在很大程度上取决于人们对激光增材制造过程中对激光/金属交互作用行为及能量吸收利用机制、内部冶金缺陷形成机制及力学行为、移动熔池约束快速凝固行为及构件晶粒形态演化规律、非稳态循环固态相变行为及显微组织形成规律、内应力演化规律及构件变形开裂预防方法等材料基础问题的深入研究。
王华明 . 高性能大型金属构件激光增材制造：若干材料基础问题[J]. 航空学报, 2014 , 35(10) : 2690 -2698 . DOI: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2014.0174
The advantages, state of the art and technological challenges of laser melting deposition additive manufacturing for high-performance large metallic components are briefly reviewed. The unique technological merits of laser additive manufacturing for high-performance large metallic components characterized by digital integration of "advanced materials processing", "complex structure direct manufacturing" and "controlling shape and performance" are systematically discussed. It is emphasized that further development and industrial applications of the revolutionary manufacturing technology will greatly rely on the intensive basic research on those general non-equilibrium materials fundamental issues inherent to the additive manufacturing process such as laser/metal interaction behavior and laser absorbing mechanisms, forming mechanisms and mechanical behavior of internal metallurgical defects, constrained rapid solidification kinetics of moving melt-pool and grain morphological selection characteristics of deposited components, non-steady cyclic solid-state phase transformation kinetics and microstructure formation behavior, non-linear thermal history/thermal stress coupling behavior and distortion and cracking, etc.
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