航空学报 > 2025, Vol. 46 Issue (21): 532332-532332   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2025.32332

中国飞机强度研究所建所 60 周年专刊

面向涡桨飞机座舱的多通道混合主动噪声控制系统

沈昊1, 董宁娟2,3, 陈亭宇1, 陈逸笑2, 沈星1,3()   

  1. 1.南京航空航天大学 航空学院,南京 210016
    2.中国飞机强度研究所 航空声学研究室,西安 710065
    3.强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安 710065
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-30 修回日期:2025-07-03 接受日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-08-29 发布日期:2025-08-28
  • 通讯作者: 沈星 E-mail:shenx@nuaa.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国飞机强度研究所“揭榜挂帅”项目(JBGS-2024-23);南京航空航天大学博士学位论文创新与创优基金(BCXJ25-06)

Multi-channel hybrid active noise control system for turboprop aircraft cabin

Hao SHEN1, Ningjuan DONG2,3, Tingyu CHEN1, Yixiao CHEN2, Xing SHEN1,3()   

  1. 1.College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China
    2.Aeroacoustics Research Laboratory,China Aircraft Strength Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China
    3.National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Xi’an 710065,China
  • Received:2025-05-30 Revised:2025-07-03 Accepted:2025-08-18 Online:2025-08-29 Published:2025-08-28
  • Contact: Xing SHEN E-mail:shenx@nuaa.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    Open Bidding for Selecting the Best Candidates Project by China Aircraft Strength Research Institute(JBGS-2024-23);Funding for Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation in NUAA(BCXJ25-06)

摘要:

针对涡桨飞机舱内宽窄带混合噪声抑制难题,提出一种计算高效的多通道混合主动噪声控制(ANC)方法。在系统架构层面,基于前馈结构设计改进型窄带滤波-x最小均方(FxLMS)算法,针对参考信号为多频正弦信号的特点,将线性卷积运算等效简化为加乘运算,降低计算复杂度;基于反馈结构设计一种动态选择机制的局部迭代FxLMS算法,通过实时优化滤波器更新策略,有效提升系统收敛速度与稳定性。引入误差信号分解(RES)模块,基于误差信号平滑功率设计交替更新策略,在保证降噪性能的同时实现计算资源优化配置。理论分析表明,该混合控制方法计算复杂度极低,RES模块的引入减小反馈系统自相关矩阵的条件数并降低前馈系统梯度估计的瞬时方差,有效提升了算法的收敛性能与稳定性。仿真与实验结果表明,基于上述方法设计开发规模为1×2×2的ANC系统可实现总声压级18.33和21.27 dB的有效衰减,验证了改进方法的有效性及工程应用潜力。

关键词: 涡桨飞机, 主动噪声控制, 多通道系统, 最小均方算法, 混合结构

Abstract:

To address the challenging issue of hybrid broadband-narrowband noise suppression in turboprop aircraft cabins, this study proposes a novel multi-channel hybrid structured Active Noise Control (ANC) method. In the system architecture design, the feedforward structure employs an improved narrowband Filtered-x Least Mean Square (FxLMS) algorithm, which simplifies linear convolution operations into equivalent additive-multiplicative computations based on the characteristics of multi-frequency sinusoidal reference signals, significantly reducing computational complexity. The feedback structure adopts a partial update FxLMS algorithm with dynamic selection mechanism, effectively enhancing system convergence speed and stability through real-time optimization of filter update methods. Furthermore, a Residual Error Separation (RES) module and an alternating update method based on noise smoothing power are introduced to optimize computational resource allocation while ensuring noise reduction performance. Theoretical analysis indicates that the proposed hybrid system possesses extremely low computational complexity, and that the RES module effectively enhances the algorithm’s convergence performance and stability by improving the condition number of the feedback system's autocorrelation matrix and reducing the instantaneous variance of the feedforward system’s gradient estimate. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the constructed 1×2×2 multi-channel control system achieves effective total sound pressure level attenuation of 18.33 dB and 21.27 dB, verifying its effectiveness and engineering potential.

Key words: turboprop aircraft, active noise control, multi-channel system, least mean square algorithm, hybrid structure

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