航空学报 > 1987, Vol. 8 Issue (1): 10-19

涡轮盘材料及其热加工的现状与发展

许昌淦   

  1. 北京航空学院
  • 收稿日期:1986-01-22 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:1987-01-25 发布日期:1987-01-25

STATE-OF-ART AND PROSPECT FOR MATERIALS AND HOT WORKING TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS TURBINE DISK

Xu Changgan   

  1. Beijing Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
  • Received:1986-01-22 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:1987-01-25 Published:1987-01-25

摘要: 本文评述了我国航空发动机涡轮盘材料及热加工工艺的现状与发展。 在不均匀温度场中承受复杂载荷的涡轮盘,选材由耐热钢逐渐发展至高温合金,经铸造和塑性变形后,存在着许多冶金缺陷。因而,在研究改进材料化学成分的同时,要改变加工方法,以提高材料的工艺性能和使用性能。近年来使用的粉末冶金工艺,也因均匀性、稳定性和纯净度等问题,加工的涡轮盘存在着早期低周疲劳失效的缺陷,同时限制其使用。等温锻造及热等静压工艺,改善了涡轮盘的使用性能,有希望成为大推重比的发动机涡轮盘所采用的工艺方法。 进一步应从寻找新材料和新工艺方法两方面共同着手研究,在一定意义上,后者比前者的作用更大。

Abstract: The state-of-art and prospect for materials and hot working technology for gas-turbines, made in China, were reviewed in the present paper.Materials used for gas-turbine disk, which were loaded with complex stresses and undergone non-uniform distribution of temperature, have been developed starting from stainless steels to super-alloys, since 1940. Such disks, either formed with casting or forging technology, exhibiting inevitably a series of metallurgical defects, greatly reduce the working life of a gas turbine. So that it seems to be more important to develop new manufacture technology, in order to reduce the metallurgical defects to a minimum, rather than reseaches on new alloying composition.Some advanced technological processes have been developed recently, among then there are powder metallurgy, isothermal hot working and he-at-isopress technology. Due to lack of uniformity, stability and cleanliness, however,powder metallurgy method often renders disk's low-cycle fatigue failure. The later two processes might be the appropriate production methods to improve the working life and utilities of gas-turbine disks, used for manufacture of large thrust to weight ration gas turbines.It is concluded that researches on new alloying compositions and new forming processes should be proceeded hand in hand. For the purpose of improving turbine performance, researches on new forming processes might be more important.