航空学报 > 2026, Vol. 47 Issue (14): 132878-132878   doi: 10.7527/S1000-6893.2026.32878

低温硝酸羟胺基单组元推力器气动谐振内加热快速催化点火起动

孙烨真1,2, 陈君3, 梁国柱1,2(), 王智刚4, 夏连根4, 王晓东4   

  1. 1.北京航空航天大学 宇航学院,北京 102206
    2.北京航空航天大学 航天液体动力全国重点实验室,北京 102206
    3.北京控制工程研究所,北京 100190
    4.中国科学院 大连化学物理研究所,大连 116023
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-11-24 接受日期:2026-01-06 出版日期:2026-01-16 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 梁国柱 E-mail:lgz@buaa.edu.cn

Gas dynamic resonance internal heating rapid catalytic ignition startup of low temperature hydroxylammonium nitrate-based monopropellant thruster

Yezhen SUN1,2, Jun CHEN3, Guozhu LIANG1,2(), Zhigang WANG4, Liangen XIA4, Xiaodong WANG4   

  1. 1.School of Astronautics,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China
    2.National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Liquid Propulsion,Beihang University,Beijing 102206,China
    3.Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China
    4.Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Dalian 116023,China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-11-24 Accepted:2026-01-06 Online:2026-01-16 Published:2026-01-15
  • Contact: Guozhu LIANG E-mail:lgz@buaa.edu.cn

摘要:

为实现低温条件下(0 ℃以下)硝酸羟胺(HAN)基单组元推力器的快速催化点火起动,采用气动谐振内加热方式对推力器催化床前床进行集中加热,对一台20 N HAN基单组元推力器进行3次低温(-9 ℃)起动试验,并通过系统仿真研究内加热式单组元推力器燃烧室内的传热过程。试验结果表明:以氮气为谐振工质,HAN基推力器可实现低温条件下的快速催化点火起动,将传统催化床电加热预热时间从数十分钟缩短至数十秒,大幅减少点火延迟时间,实现低温预脉冲点火的预加热时间缩短至20 s左右。传热计算表明:谐振加热器可稳定输出约30~35 W的加热功率;预脉冲点火阶段升压梯度较大,热累积效应促使燃烧室内部迅速升温,该阶段结束时壳体与催化床温差约为500 ℃;脉冲工作阶段催化床已处于较高温度水平,壳体与催化床温差约为200 ℃;连续工作阶段因推进剂持续供应,催化床内最高温度可达1 150 ℃左右,与壳体的温差约为600 ℃。采用气动谐振加热方式可以实现HAN基单组元推力器在低温条件下的快速催化点火起动。

关键词: 单组元推力器, 硝酸羟胺, 催化点火, 气动谐振加热, 低温起动

Abstract:

In order to achieve the rapid catalytic ignition startup of Hydroxylammonium Nitrate (HAN)-based monopropellant thrusters under low-temperature conditions (below 0 ℃), a gas dynamic resonance internal heating method is adopted to centrally heat the front section of the thruster’s catalyst bed. Three low-temperature (-9 ℃) startup tests are conducted on a 20 N HAN-based monopropellant thruster, and the heat transfer process inside the combustion chamber of the internally heated monopropellant thruster is studied through system simulation calculations. The test results show that using nitrogen as the resonant working medium, the HAN-based thruster can achieve rapid catalytic ignition and startup under low-temperature conditions, reducing the preheating time required for traditional catalyst bed electric heating from tens of minutes to tens of seconds, and significantly shortening the ignition delay time; the preheating time for low-temperature pre-pulse ignition is reduced to approximately 20 s. The heat transfer calculation results show that the resonance heater can stably output a heating power of about 30-35 W; during the pre-pulse ignition phase, the pressure rise gradient is large, and the thermal accumulation effect promotes the rapid temperature rise inside the combustion chamber. At the end of this phase, the temperature difference between the casing and the catalyst bed is about 500 ℃; in the pulse operation phase, the catalyst bed is already at a relatively high temperature level, and the temperature difference between the casing and the catalyst bed is about 200 ℃; during the continuous operation phase, due to the continuous supply of propellant, the maximum temperature inside the catalyst bed can reach about 1 150 ℃, with a temperature difference of about 600 ℃ from the casing. The application of gas dynamic resonance heating method can realize the rapid catalytic ignition startup of HAN-based monopropellant thrusters under low-temperature conditions.

Key words: monopropellant thruster, hydroxylammonium nitrate, catalytic ignition, gas dynamic resonance heating, low-temperature startup

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